Plastics are ubiquitous and persistent in aquatic environments, threatening environmental and human health. This review focused on the effects of plastics (single toxicity) and associated chemicals (combined or leachate toxicities) on freshwater and marine microalgae. Forty-seven publications from 2010 to 2020 were used in this review. Based on their topic of focus, we classified the publications among the following categories: single plastic toxicity, combined toxicity of plastics and other chemicals, and toxicity of leachates released from plastics. The test species Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta were generally used to assess the impacts of plastics on aquatic microalgae. This study identified the inhibition of algal growth and photosynthesis due to single toxicity through the physical adsorption of plastics, showing that leachates released from plastics contained non-specific chemicals which could potentially affect microalgae. Production of malondialdehyde or reactive oxygen species presented significant effects on algae independent of the experimental conditions. This review could improve our understanding of the effects of plastic pollution on microalgae in freshwater and marine environments. It has implications for further research in this field and associated water management in light of the global ubiquity of plastic pollution.

塑料在水生环境中无处不在且持久存在，威胁着环境和人类健康。本综述重点关注塑料（单一毒性）和相关化学品（组合或渗滤液毒性）对淡水和海洋微藻的影响。本综述使用了 2010 年至 2020 年的 47 篇出版物。根据他们关注的主题，我们将这些出版物分为以下几类：单一塑料毒性、塑料和其他化学品的组合毒性以及塑料渗滤液的毒性。测试物种 Chlorophyta 和 Ochrophyta 通常用于评估塑料对水生微藻的影响。本研究通过塑料的物理吸附确定了单一毒性对藻类生长和光合作用的抑制作用，表明从塑料中释放的渗滤液含有可能影响微藻的非特定化学物质。丙二醛或活性氧的产生对藻类产生了显着影响，与实验条件无关。这篇综述可以提高我们对塑料污染对淡水和海洋环境中微藻的影响的理解。鉴于全球普遍存在的塑料污染，它对该领域的进一步研究和相关的水管理具有重要意义。这篇综述可以提高我们对塑料污染对淡水和海洋环境中微藻的影响的理解。鉴于全球普遍存在的塑料污染，它对该领域的进一步研究和相关的水管理具有重要意义。这篇综述可以提高我们对塑料污染对淡水和海洋环境中微藻的影响的理解。鉴于全球普遍存在的塑料污染，它对该领域的进一步研究和相关的水管理具有重要意义。