In the present work, a new low-cost and high-voltage aqueous symmetric supercapacitor cell using a blend of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide as binder free active material and “water-in-salt” electrolyte was developed. A reliable operating cell voltage of 2.3 V was achieved for this aqueous hybrid device. The symmetrical two electrode cell is able to exhibit a maximum specific energy of 43.8 W h/kg (325.7 µW h cm⁻²) at power density of 115.6 W kg⁻¹ (858.6 µW cm⁻²) at a current density of 0.1 A/g with high cycle stability. It retains 84% of its initial specific energy even after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. In addition, it exhibits outstanding charge storage capacity, reaching a specific capacity of 59.7 F g⁻¹ (283 mF cm⁻²) in 17 m NaClO₄ “water in salt” electrolyte at 0.1 A g⁻¹. The superior energy storage capability is mainly attributed to the use of very high specific surface area of reduced graphene oxide and the participation of the electrochemical activity of graphene oxide surface functional groups in the charge storage process. The presence of graphene oxide eliminates the need to use non-conductive electro inactive adhesives and due to enhanced hydrophilicity of the electrode synergistically improves diffusion of the hydrated cations and anions to the surface of hydrophobic RGO.

在目前的工作中，开发了一种使用氧化石墨烯和还原氧化石墨烯的混合物作为无粘合剂活性材料和“盐包水”电解质的新型低成本和高压水对称超级电容器电池。该水性混合装置实现了 2.3 V 的可靠工作电池电压。对称的双电极电池在 115.6 W kg ^-1 (858.6 µW cm ^-2 ) 的功率密度和 0.1 A 的电流密度下能够表现出 43.8 W h/kg (325.7 µW h cm ^-2 )的最大比能量/g 具有高循环稳定性。即使在 10,000 次充电/放电循环后，它仍能保留其初始比能量的 84%。此外，它还表现出出色的电荷存储容量，比容量达到 59.7 F g ^-1 (283 mF cm^-2 ) 在0.1 A g ^{-1 的}17 m NaClO ₄ “盐包水”电解质中。优越的储能能力主要归功于还原氧化石墨烯的非常高的比表面积的使用以及氧化石墨烯表面官能团的电化学活性参与电荷存储过程。氧化石墨烯的存在消除了使用非导电非活性粘合剂的需要，并且由于电极的亲水性增强，协同改善了水合阳离子和阴离子向疏水性 RGO 表面的扩散。