Abstract

Cognitive function (CF) is a core feature related to all psychiatric disorders. However, self-report scales of CF (SRSC) may not always correlate with CF’s objective measures and may have different mediators. Tools to select for evaluating CF in diverse psychiatric populations and their determinants need to be studied. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of SRSC (Perceived Deficit Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D), and World Health Organization’s Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and its inattentiveness subscale) with Letter-N-back as an objective measure of CF, and to analyze their association with psychopathology. Two hundred nine (131 nonclinical, and 78 clinical with a psychiatric diagnosis of ICD10 F31-39 [mood disorders excluding Bipolar I] or F40-F49 [neurotic, stress-related or psychosomatic disorder] categories) participants were evaluated with PDQ-D, ASRS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and N-back. Both groups’ data were included in the analysis. PDQ-D showed a small correlation with N-back scores, whereas ASRS showed no correlation. PDQ-D and ASRS showed a large correlation. Age and BAI scores significantly predicted both PDQ-D and ASRS, whereas the cognitive subscale of BDI predicted PDQ-D, but not ASRS. Only BAI scores predicted N-back results. The mediation model revealed that 2-back scores of N-back task directly affects PDQ-D scores, independent of BDI scores. However, the cognitive subscale of BDI moderated 2-back and PDQ-D association. On the contrary, BAI scores significantly mediated the association of 2-back scores with PDQ-D. The direct effect of 2-back scores in PDQ-D was insignificant in the mediation of BAI scores. Our study validates the discordance between SRSC and an objective measurement of CF. Anxiety may affect both self-report and objective measurement of CF, whereas depressive thought content may lead to higher cognitive dysfunction reports in nondemented participants.

摘要

认知功能（CF）是与所有精神疾病相关的核心特征。然而，CF 的自我报告量表 (SRSC) 可能并不总是与 CF 的客观测量相关，并且可能有不同的中介因素。需要研究用于评估不同精神病人群 CF 的工具及其决定因素。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估 SRSC（抑郁症认知缺陷问卷 (PDQ-D) 和世界卫生组织成人注意力缺陷多动障碍自我报告量表 (ASRS) 及其注意力不集中分量表）与字母 N 的关联作为 CF 的客观衡量标准，并分析其与精神病理学的关联。209 名患者（131 名非临床患者，78 名临床患者）精神科诊断为 ICD10 F31-39 [情绪障碍，不包括双相情感障碍 I] 或 F40-F49 [神经质、压力相关或心身障碍]类别）参与者接受了PDQ-D、ASRS、贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、贝克焦虑量表（BAI）和N-back的评估。两组数据均包含在分析中。PDQ-D 显示与 N-back 评分有很小的相关性，而 ASRS 显示没有相关性。PDQ-D和ASRS表现出很大的相关性。年龄和 BAI 评分显着预测 PDQ-D 和 ASRS，而 BDI 认知分量表预测 PDQ-D，但不能预测 ASRS。只有 BAI 分数才能预测 N-back 结果。中介模型显示，N-back 任务的 2-back 分数直接影响 PDQ-D 分数，与 BDI 分数无关。然而，BDI 的认知分量表调节了 2-back 和 PDQ-D 关联。相反，BAI 分数显着调节 2-back 分数与 PDQ-D 的关联。PDQ-D 中 2-back 分数的直接影响在 BAI 分数的中介作用中并不显着。我们的研究验证了 SRSC 与 CF 客观测量之间的不一致。焦虑可能会影响 CF 的自我报告和客观测量，而抑郁的思想内容可能会导致非痴呆参与者出现更高的认知功能障碍报告。