Devising an electrocatalyst with brilliant efficiency and satisfactory durability for hydrogen production is of considerable demand, especially for large-scale application. Herein, we adopt a multi-step consequential induced strategy to construct a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the overall water splitting. Graphene oxide (GO) was used as a carbon matrix and in situ oxygen source, which was supported by the octahedral PtNi alloy to form the Pt_xNi_y-GO precursor. When calcinating in Ar atmosphere, the oxygen in GO induced the surface segregation of Ni from the PtNi octahedron to form a core-shell structure of Pt_x@Ni_y. Then, the surface-enriched Ni continuously induced the reformation of C in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to enhance the degree of graphitization. This multi-step induction formed a nanocatalyst Pt_x@Ni_y-rGO which has very high catalytic efficiency and stability. By optimizing the feeding ratio of PtNi (Pt:Ni = 1:2), the electrolytic overall water splitting at 10 mA·cm⁻² can be driven by an electrolytic voltage of as low as 1.485 V, and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) only needs an overpotential of 37 mV in 1.0 M KOH aqueous solution. Additionally, the catalyst exhibited consistent existence form in both HER and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which was verified by switching the anode and cathode of the cell in the electrolysis of water. This work provides a new idea for the synthesis and evaluation of the bifunctional catalysts for water splitting.

设计一种具有出色效率和令人满意的氢气生产耐久性的电催化剂具有相当大的需求，特别是对于大规模应用。在此，我们采用多步连续诱导策略来构建用于整体水分解的双功能电催化剂。氧化石墨烯（GO）用作碳基质和原位氧源，由八面体 PtNi 合金支撑以形成 Pt _x Ni _y -GO 前体。在 Ar 气氛中煅烧时，GO 中的氧诱导 Ni 从 PtNi 八面体表面分离，形成 Pt _x @Ni _y核壳结构. 然后，表面富集的 Ni 不断诱导还原氧化石墨烯 (rGO) 中 C 的重整，以提高石墨化程度。这种多步诱导形成了具有非常高的催化效率和稳定性的纳米催化剂 Pt _x @Ni _y -rGO。通过优化PtNi的进料比（Pt:Ni = 1:2），10 mA·cm ^-2的电解总水分解可由低至 1.485 V 的电解电压驱动，析氢反应 (HER) 在 1.0 M KOH 水溶液中仅需 37 mV 的过电位。此外，催化剂在 HER 和析氧反应 (OER) 中都表现出一致的存在形式，这通过在电解水时切换电池的阳极和阴极来验证。该工作为双功能水分解催化剂的合成和评价提供了新思路。