Online platforms have disrupted parts of the capitalist economy, but assessing the magnitude of this effect is difficult. Much is known about major platforms, but less about the conditions under which they take over—or fail to take over—a given market. Unlike explanations emphasising slow take-up by entrepreneurs or worker resistance, we argue that historical and organisational characteristics of markets make them resistant to the platform model. In Germany and the UK, intermediaries have digitalised to varying degrees. Three market characteristics have combined to limit ‘platformisation’: (1) irreducibly qualitative assessments of value; (2) the complexity and contingencies inherent in the task that resist unbundling (3) fragmentation of the organisational field. Hence we show how the dynamics of work in live music limit the traction of the platform model. However, partial and hybrid forms of digitalisation still contribute towards intensified discipline over live music workers, threatening pay and working conditions.

中文翻译：

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为什么现场音乐没有 Uber？中介机构的数字化和平台经济的局限

在线平台已经扰乱了资本主义经济的某些部分，但很难评估这种影响的程度。人们对主要平台知之甚少，但对它们接管或未能接管特定市场的条件知之甚少。与强调企业家缓慢接受或工人抵制的解释不同，我们认为市场的历史和组织特征使它们抵制平台模型。在德国和英国，中介机构已经在不同程度上实现了数字化。三个市场特征结合起来限制了“平台化”：（1）不可简化的价值定性评估；(2) 任务中固有的复杂性和偶然性阻碍了分拆 (3) 组织领域的碎片化。因此，我们展示了现场音乐工作的动态如何限制平台模型的牵引力。然而，部分和混合形式的数字化仍然有助于加强对现场音乐工作者的纪律，威胁薪酬和工作条件。