Fruit tree crops are an essential part of the food production systems and are key to achieve food and nutrition security. Genetic improvement of fruit trees by conventional breeding has been slow due to the long juvenile phase. Advancements in genomics and molecular biology have paved the way for devising novel genetic improvement tools like genome editing, which can accelerate the breeding of these perennial crops to a great extent. In this article, advancements in genomics of fruit trees covering genome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, genome editing technologies (GET), CRISPR-Cas system based genome editing, potential applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in fruit tree crops improvement, the factors influencing the CRISPR-Cas editing efficiency and the challenges for CRISPR-Cas9 applications in fruit tree crops improvement are reviewed. Besides, base editing, a recently emerging more precise editing system, and the future perspectives of genome editing in the improvement of fruit and nut crops are covered.

果树作物是粮食生产系统的重要组成部分，是实现粮食和营养安全的关键。由于幼年期较长，通过常规育种对果树的遗传改良一直很缓慢。基因组学和分子生物学的进步为设计新的遗传改良工具（如基因组编辑）铺平了道路，可以在很大程度上加速这些多年生作物的育种。在本文中，果树基因组学的进展包括基因组测序、转录组测序、基因组编辑技术 (GET)、基于 CRISPR-Cas 系统的基因组编辑、CRISPR-Cas9 在果树作物改良中的潜在应用、影响 CRISPR-Cas9 的因素综述了 Cas 编辑效率和 CRISPR-Cas9 在果树作物改良中应用的挑战。除了，