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Gypenoside Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Replication by Interfering with Viral Attachment and Internalization and Activating Apoptosis of Infected Cells
Viruses ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-12 , DOI: 10.3390/v13091810
Guanghui Yang 1 , Jialu Zhang 1 , Shenghua Wang 1 , Jun Wang 1 , Jing Wang 1 , Yaohong Zhu 1 , Jiufeng Wang 1
Affiliation  

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes a severe threat to the cattle industry due to ineffective control measures. Gypenoside is the primary component of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which has potential medicinal value and has been widely applied as a food additive and herbal supplement. However, little is known about the antiviral effects of gypenoside. The present study aimed to explore the antiviral activities of gypenoside against BVDV infection. The inhibitory activity of gypenoside against BVDV was assessed by using virus titration and performing Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), and immunofluorescence assays in MDBK cells. We found that gypenoside exhibited high anti-BVDV activity by interfering with the viral attachment to and internalization in cells. The study showed that BVDV infection inhibits apoptosis of infected cells from escaping the innate defense of host cells. Our data further demonstrated that gypenoside inhibited BVDV infection by electively activating the apoptosis of BVDV-infected cells for execution, as evidenced by the regulation of the expression of the apoptosis-related protein, promotion of caspase-3 activation, and display of positive TUNEL staining; no toxicity was observed in non-infected cells. Collectively, the data identified that gypenoside exerts an anti-BVDV-infection role by inhibiting viral attachment and internalization and selectively purging virally infected cells. Therefore, our study will contribute to the development of a novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against BVDV infection.

中文翻译:

绞股蓝皂苷通过干扰病毒附着和内化并激活感染细胞的凋亡来抑制牛病毒性腹泻病毒的复制

由于控制措施不力,牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)对养牛业造成严重威胁。绞股蓝皂苷是绞股蓝的主要成分,具有潜在的药用价值,已被广泛用作食品添加剂和草药补充剂。然而,关于绞股蓝皂苷的抗病毒作用知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨绞股蓝皂苷对 BVDV 感染的抗病毒活性。通过使用病毒滴定和进行蛋白质印迹、定量逆转录 PCR (RT-qPCR) 和 MDBK 细胞中的免疫荧光测定来评估绞股蓝皂苷对 BVDV 的抑制活性。我们发现绞股蓝皂苷通过干扰病毒附着和细胞内化表现出高抗 BVDV 活性。研究表明,BVDV 感染可抑制受感染细胞的凋亡,从而逃避宿主细胞的先天防御。我们的数据进一步表明,绞股蓝通过选择性激活 BVDV 感染细胞的凋亡来抑制 BVDV 感染,这可以通过调节凋亡相关蛋白的表达、促进 caspase-3 活化和显示阳性 TUNEL 染色来证明。 ; 在未感染的细胞中未观察到毒性。总的来说,数据确定绞股蓝皂苷通过抑制病毒附着和内化并选择性清除病毒感染的细胞而发挥抗 BVDV 感染的作用。因此,我们的研究将有助于开发一种针对 BVDV 感染的新型预防和治疗策略。我们的数据进一步表明,绞股蓝通过选择性激活 BVDV 感染细胞的凋亡来抑制 BVDV 感染,这可以通过调节凋亡相关蛋白的表达、促进 caspase-3 活化和显示阳性 TUNEL 染色来证明。 ; 在未感染的细胞中未观察到毒性。总的来说,数据确定绞股蓝皂苷通过抑制病毒附着和内化并选择性清除病毒感染的细胞而发挥抗 BVDV 感染的作用。因此,我们的研究将有助于开发一种针对 BVDV 感染的新型预防和治疗策略。我们的数据进一步表明,绞股蓝通过选择性激活 BVDV 感染细胞的凋亡来抑制 BVDV 感染,这可以通过调节凋亡相关蛋白的表达、促进 caspase-3 活化和显示阳性 TUNEL 染色来证明。 ; 在未感染的细胞中未观察到毒性。总的来说,数据确定绞股蓝皂苷通过抑制病毒附着和内化并选择性清除病毒感染的细胞而发挥抗 BVDV 感染的作用。因此,我们的研究将有助于开发一种针对 BVDV 感染的新型预防和治疗策略。由凋亡相关蛋白表达的调节、caspase-3 活化的促进和 TUNEL 染色阳性的显示所证明;在未感染的细胞中未观察到毒性。总的来说,数据确定绞股蓝皂苷通过抑制病毒附着和内化并选择性清除病毒感染的细胞而发挥抗 BVDV 感染的作用。因此,我们的研究将有助于开发一种针对 BVDV 感染的新型预防和治疗策略。由凋亡相关蛋白表达的调节、caspase-3 活化的促进和 TUNEL 染色阳性的显示所证明;在未感染的细胞中未观察到毒性。总的来说,数据确定绞股蓝皂苷通过抑制病毒附着和内化并选择性清除病毒感染的细胞而发挥抗 BVDV 感染的作用。因此,我们的研究将有助于开发一种针对 BVDV 感染的新型预防和治疗策略。
更新日期:2021-09-12
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