Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science with a variety of subfields and techniques, exploited to serve as a deductive tool that performs tasks originally requiring human cognition. AI tools and its subdomains are being incorporated into healthcare delivery for the improvement of medical data interpretation encompassing clinical management, diagnostics, and prognostic outcomes. In the field of neuroradiology, AI manifested through deep machine learning and connected neural networks (CNNs) has demonstrated incredible accuracy in identifying pathology and aiding in diagnosis and prognostication in several areas of neurology and neurosurgery. In this literature review, we survey the available clinical data highlighting the utilization of AI in the field of neuroradiology across multiple neurological and neurosurgical subspecialties. In addition, we discuss the emerging role of AI in neuroradiology, its strengths and limitations, as well as future needs in strengthening its role in clinical practice. Our review evaluated data across several subspecialties of neurology and neurosurgery including vascular neurology, spinal pathology, traumatic brain injury (TBI), neuro-oncology, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and epilepsy. AI has established a strong presence within the realm of neuroradiology as a successful and largely supportive technology aiding in the interpretation, diagnosis, and even prognostication of various pathologies. More research is warranted to establish its full scientific validity and determine its maximum potential to aid in optimizing and providing the most accurate imaging interpretation.

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人工智能在神经放射学中的当前用途、新兴应用和临床整合

人工智能 (AI) 是计算机科学的一个分支，具有多种子领域和技术，被用作执行最初需要人类认知的任务的演绎工具。人工智能工具及其子领域正在被纳入医疗保健服务，以改进医疗数据解释，包括临床管理、诊断和预后结果。在神经放射学领域，通过深度机器学习和连接的神经网络 (CNN) 表现出来的人工智能在神经病学和神经外科的多个领域中，在识别病理学和辅助诊断和预测方面表现出令人难以置信的准确性。在这篇文献综述中，我们调查了可用的临床数据，这些数据突出了人工智能在多个神经学和神经外科亚专业的神经放射学领域的应用。此外，我们讨论了人工智能在神经放射学中的新兴作用、其优势和局限性，以及未来在加强其在临床实践中的作用方面的需求。我们的审查评估了神经病学和神经外科几个亚专业的数据，包括血管神经病学、脊柱病理学、创伤性脑损伤 (TBI)、神经肿瘤学、多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病和癫痫。人工智能已经在神经放射学领域建立了强大的影响力，作为一种成功的、很大程度上支持性的技术，有助于解释、诊断甚至预测各种病理。