Wintertime Air Quality in Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh Strongly Affected by Influx of Black Carbon Aerosols from Regional Biomass Burning,Environmental Science & Technology

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Wintertime Air Quality in Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh Strongly Affected by Influx of Black Carbon Aerosols from Regional Biomass Burning
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-10 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03623
Abdus Salam ₁ , August Andersson ₂ , Farah Jeba ₁ , Md Imdadul Haque ₃ , Md Dulal Hossain Khan ₄ , Örjan Gustafsson ₂

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Clean air is a key parameter for a sustainable society, and currently, megacity Dhaka has among the worst air qualities in the world. This results from poorly constrained contributions of a variety of sources from both local emissions and regional influx from the highly polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain, impacting the respiratory health of the 21 million inhabitants in the Greater Dhaka region. An important component of the fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is black carbon (BC) aerosols. In this study, we investigated the combustion sources of BC using a dual carbon isotope (δ¹³C and Δ¹⁴C) in Dhaka during the high-loading winter period of 2013/14 (regular and lockdown/hartal period) in order to guide mitigation policies. On average, BC (13 ± 6 μg m^–3) contributed about 9% of the PM_2.5 (145 ± 79 μg m^–3) loadings. The relative contribution from biomass combustion under regular conditions was 44 ± 1% (with the rest from fossil combustion), while during periods of politically motivated large-scale lockdown of business and traffic, the biomass burning contribution increased to 63 ± 1%. To reduce the severe health impact of BC and other aerosol pollution in Dhaka, mitigation should therefore target regional-scale biomass/agricultural burning in addition to local traffic.

中文翻译：

孟加拉国达卡大城市冬季空气质量受到区域生物质燃烧产生的黑碳气溶胶流入的强烈影响

清洁空气是可持续社会的一个关键参数，目前，特大城市达卡是世界上空气质量最差的城市之一。这是由于当地排放和来自高度污染的印度恒河平原的区域流入的各种来源的贡献受到限制，影响了大达卡地区 2100 万居民的呼吸系统健康。细颗粒物 (PM _2.5 ) 的一个重要组成部分是黑碳 (BC) 气溶胶。在本研究中，我们使用双碳同位素（δ ¹³ C 和 Δ ¹⁴ C）在 2013/14 年高负荷冬季（正常和封锁/哈塔尔时期）达卡调查了 BC 的燃烧源，以指导缓解政策。平均而言，BC (13 ± 6 μg m ^–3) 贡献了大约 9% 的 PM _2.5 (145 ± 79 μg m ^–3 ) 负载。常规条件下生物质燃烧的相对贡献为 44±1%（其余来自化石燃烧），而在出于政治动机的大规模商业和交通封锁期间，生物质燃烧的贡献增加到 63±1%。为了减少达卡 BC 和其他气溶胶污染对健康的严重影响，因此，除了当地交通之外，缓解措施还应针对区域规模的生物质/农业燃烧。

更新日期：2021-09-21

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