The Cenozoic erosion history of the Himalaya-Karakoram, which is a function of tectonically driven uplift and monsoon climatic evolution in South Asia, remains elusive, especially prior to the Miocene. Here, we present a multiproxy geochemical and thermochronological analysis of the oldest samples available from the Arabian Sea, which we used to investigate the erosion history of the Himalayan and Karakoram orogenic system. The Indus Fan records rapid and sustained erosion of the Himalayan-Karakoram mountains from before 24 Ma (ca. 30) to ca. 16 Ma concurrent with changing provenance from the Indian (Himalayan) and Eurasian plates. Our data, combined with previous studies of younger Indus Fan deposits, indicate that the mid-to-late Cenozoic erosion history of the Himalayan-Karakoram mountains is overall consistent with a vigorous monsoonal climate from the late Oligocene to middle Miocene and with changes in global climate in the late Miocene, whereas erosion and deposition are relatively insensitive to changes in sources and rock erodibility. Although tectonic processes were active throughout, we suggest that the erosional signatures of the Himalayan-Karakoram mountains from the Indus Fan largely preserve a record of climate changes since the Oligocene.

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渐新世以来印度河扇沉积物记录的喜马拉雅-喀喇昆仑侵蚀

喜马拉雅-喀喇昆仑的新生代侵蚀历史是南亚构造驱动的隆升和季风气候演变的函数，仍然难以捉摸，尤其是在中新世之前。在这里，我们对阿拉伯海最古老的样本进行了多代理地球化学和热年代学分析，我们用它来研究喜马拉雅和喀喇昆仑造山系统的侵蚀历史。印度河扇记录了喜马拉雅-喀喇昆仑山脉从 24 Ma 之前（约 30 年）到约 16 Ma 与来自印度（喜马拉雅）和欧亚板块的起源变化同时发生。我们的数据，结合之前对年轻梧桐沉积物的研究，表明喜马拉雅-喀喇昆仑山脉中晚新生代侵蚀历史总体上与渐新世晚期至中新世的旺盛季风气候和中新世晚期全球气候变化一致，而侵蚀沉积相对不敏感源和岩石可蚀性的变化。尽管构造过程自始至终都很活跃，但我们认为来自印度河扇的喜马拉雅-喀喇昆仑山脉的侵蚀特征在很大程度上保留了渐新世以来气候变化的记录。