BACKGROUND Trachoma is a worldwide infectious disease causing blindness. Trachoma continued as a public health problem in Ethiopia due to a lack of sanitation and inadequate prevention strategies. This study aimed to identify the impact of water supply and sanitation intervention on preventing active trachoma among children. METHODS Systematic literature searches were performed from 4 international databases. The search involved articles published from January 1995 up to March 2019. The Cochran Q and I2 statistical tests were used to check heterogeneity among the studies. A random-effect meta-analysis was employed to determine the pooled estimates with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data analysis was performed using the CMA V.3 and RevMan 5 software program, and the result of the systematic review was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. FINDINGS Out of 211 studies screened for the analysis, only 29 studies were finally included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The result revealed factors that are significantly associated with increased odds of active trachoma. Accordingly, households with no access to toilet facilities (odds ratio [OR]: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.75-2.38), no access to improved water (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.27-1.96), and do not practice regular face washing for children (OR: 4.19, 95% CI: 3.02-5.81) have shown increased odds of active trachoma. Besides, the results show a higher prevalence of active trachoma among children who did not wash their faces with soap and frequently. CONCLUSIONS The study found strong evidence that lack of access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) was associated with increased prevalence of active trachoma among children. Therefore, a comprehensive and partnership-oriented program is needed to tackle the problem, but further study will be required to strengthen its implementation.

中文翻译：

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获得供水和卫生设施对埃塞俄比亚活动性沙眼患病率的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析。

背景技术沙眼是一种导致失明的世界性传染病。由于缺乏卫生设施和预防策略不足，沙眼继续成为埃塞俄比亚的一个公共卫生问题。本研究旨在确定供水和卫生干预对预防儿童活动性沙眼的影响。方法 从 4 个国际数据库中进行系统的文献检索。检索涉及 1995 年 1 月至 2019 年 3 月发表的文章。使用 Cochran Q 和 I2 统计检验来检查研究之间的异质性。采用随机效应荟萃分析来确定具有 95% 置信区间 (CI) 的汇总估计值。使用 CMA V.3 和 RevMan 5 软件程序进行数据分析，系统评价的结果是使用系统评价和元分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南报告的。结果 在筛选进行分析的 211 项研究中，最终只有 29 项研究被纳入本系统评价和荟萃分析。结果揭示了与活动性沙眼几率增加显着相关的因素。因此，无法使用厕所设施的家庭（比值比 [OR]：2.04，95% CI：1.75-2.38），无法获得改良水（OR：1.58，95% CI：1.27-1.96），并且不实践儿童定期洗脸（OR：4.19，95% CI：3.02-5.81）显示活动性沙眼的几率增加。此外，结果显示，在不经常用肥皂洗脸的儿童中，活动性沙眼的患病率更高。结论 该研究发现强有力的证据表明，缺乏水、环境卫生和个人卫生 (WASH) 与儿童活动性沙眼患病率的增加有关。因此，需要一个全面的、以伙伴关系为导向的计划来解决这个问题，但需要进一步研究以加强其实施。