This study was aimed at fabricating and evaluating the physical and bioproperties of nanofast cement (NFC) as a replacement of the MTA. The cement particles were decreased in nanoscale, and zirconium oxide was used as a radiopacifier. The setting time and radiopacity were investigated according to ISO recommendations. Analysis of color, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity was performed using spectroscopy, simulated body fluid (SBF), and MTT assay. The setting time of cement pastes significantly dropped from 65 to 15 min when the particle sizes decreased from 2723 nm to 322 nm. Nanoparticles provide large surface areas and nucleation sites and thereby a higher hydration rate, so they reduced the setting time. Based on the resulting spectroscopy, the specimens did not exhibit clinically noticeable discoloration. Resistance to discoloration may be due to the resistance of zirconium oxide to decomposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) examinations of the immersed SBF samples showed apatite formation that was a reason for its suitable bioactivity. The results of cell culture revealed that NFC is nontoxic. This study showed that NFC was more beneficial than MTA in dental restorations.

中文翻译：

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用于牙齿修复的 Nanofast 水泥的制备和表征

本研究旨在制造和评估作为 MTA 替代品的纳米坚牢水泥 (NFC) 的物理和生物特性。水泥颗粒减少到纳米级，氧化锆被用作辐射不透明剂。根据 ISO 建议研究凝固时间和射线不透性。使用光谱学、模拟体液 (SBF) 和 MTT 分析对颜色、生物活性和细胞毒性进行分析。当粒径从 2723 nm 减小到 322 nm 时，水泥浆体的凝结时间从 65 分钟显着下降到 15 分钟。纳米颗粒提供了大的表面积和成核位点，从而具有更高的水合速率，因此它们减少了凝固时间。根据所得光谱，样本没有表现出临床上明显的变色。耐变色性可能是由于氧化锆的耐分解性。浸入的 SBF 样品的扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和红外光谱 (FTIR) 检查显示磷灰石形成，这是其合适生物活性的一个原因。细胞培养结果显示NFC是无毒的。该研究表明，NFC 在牙齿修复中比 MTA 更有益。