Combinations of national and international, hard and soft powers, known as Smart Mixes, have been proposed as a way for governments in consumer countries to influence the behaviour of supply chain actors who operate outside their jurisdiction. However, the Smart Mix concept has not yet been precisely defined, which has hindered its operationalization as a means of analyzing the governance of long and complex international supply chains. The aim of this contribution is to derive a working definition of Smart Mixes and use it to create and demonstrate a generalizable analytical tool that facilitates identification of whether a Smart Mix exists in an international supply chain. To address this aim, we reviewed existing literature on Smart Mixes to define the concept, which led to a three-step process for analyzing a supply chain. In a second stage, we demonstrate the process by applying it to the example of organic imports into Switzerland, using data from expert interviews and existing public documentation. The application showed that the governance of the organic sector in Switzerland related to imported products fulfils the criteria for it to be considered a Smart Mix that enables the Swiss Government to influence the behaviour of supply chain actors outside its jurisdiction. This example shows that the proposed Smart Mix concept is sound under particular circumstances: in this case, when the interests of the public and private sectors are aligned so that binding public measures provide protection to the private sector. These circumstances are not unique to organic imports into Switzerland, which allows the conclusion that Smart Mixes may provide sustainability solutions in other international supply chains.

中文翻译：

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国际供应链中的智能组合：定义和分析工具，以瑞士有机进口为例

国家和国际、硬实力和软实力的结合，被称为智能混合，已被提议作为消费国政府影响在其管辖范围外运营的供应链参与者行为的一种方式。然而，智能混合概念尚未得到精确定义，这阻碍了其作为分析长而复杂的国际供应链治理的手段的可操作性。此贡献的目的是推导出智能混合的工作定义，并使用它来创建和演示可推广的分析工具，以促进识别智能混合是否存在于国际供应链中。为了实现这一目标，我们回顾了关于智能混合的现有文献来定义这个概念，这导致了分析供应链的三步过程。在第二阶段，我们使用专家访谈和现有公共文件中的数据，通过将其应用于瑞士有机进口的示例来演示该过程。该申请表明，瑞士与进口产品相关的有机部门的治理符合其被视为智能组合的标准，使瑞士政府能够影响其管辖范围之外的供应链参与者的行为。这个例子表明，提议的智能混合概念在特定情况下是合理的：在这种情况下，当公共和私营部门的利益一致时，具有约束力的公共措施可以为私营部门提供保护。这些情况并不是进口到瑞士的有机产品所独有的，