Previous studies have shown that highly test anxious persons are more likely to meet criteria for an anxiety disorder and report more frequent symptoms of anxiety disorders than their low test anxious counterparts. However, it is unclear whether test anxiety should be treated as distinct to, or a manifestation of, anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the Dual Factor Model of Mental Health proposes that high subjective wellbeing cannot be solely inferred from the absence of psychopathology. To date, no studies have examined the Dual Factor Model in relation to test anxiety. In the present study, we examined how test anxiety, two common anxiety disorders (i.e., generalized anxiety disorder [GAD] and panic disorder [PD]), and subjective wellbeing in the school domain (i.e., school-related wellbeing) were related in a sample of 918 adolescents (M age = 15.77 years) using network analysis and latent profile analysis. Results from the network analysis indicated that test anxiety, GAD, PD, and school-related wellbeing were represented as distinct constructs. Bridge nodes were identified that linked test anxiety with GAD, PD, and school-related wellbeing. The latent profile analysis identified three of the four profiles predicted by the Dual Factor Model, including (a) troubled (i.e., low school-related wellbeing, high test anxiety, GAD, and PD), (b) complete mental health (i.e., high school-related wellbeing, low test anxiety, GAD, and PD), and (c) symptomatic but content (i.e., average school-related wellbeing, test anxiety, GAD, and PD). We concluded that test anxiety was distinct from, rather than a manifestation of, GAD and PD. We found support for the Dual Factor Model, albeit not unequivocal, using test anxiety as an additional indicator of psychopathology to that of GAD and PD.

先前的研究表明，高度测试焦虑的人更有可能符合焦虑症的标准，并且比焦虑程度低的人报告更频繁的焦虑症症状。然而，尚不清楚考试焦虑是否应该与焦虑症不同，或者是焦虑症的一种表现。此外，心理健康的双重因素模型提出，不能仅从没有精神病理学来推断高主观幸福感。迄今为止，还没有研究检查与考试焦虑相关的双因素模型。在本研究中，我们研究了考试焦虑、两种常见的焦虑症（即广泛性焦虑症 [GAD] 和恐慌症 [PD]）和学校领域的主观幸福感（即与学校相关的幸福感）在918 名青少年样本（M年龄 = 15.77 岁）使用网络分析和潜在轮廓分析。网络分析的结果表明，考试焦虑、GAD、PD 和学校相关的幸福感被表示为不同的结构。确定了将考试焦虑与 GAD、PD 和学校相关的幸福感联系起来的桥梁节点。潜剖面分析确定了三个由双因子模型，包括（a）预测的四个型材困扰（即低学校相关福利，高考试焦虑，GAD和PD），（二）完善心理健康（即高中相关的幸福感、低考试焦虑、GAD 和 PD），以及 (c)有症状但内容丰富（即，与学校相关的平均幸福感、考试焦虑、GAD 和 PD）。我们得出的结论是，考试焦虑不同于 GAD 和 PD，而不是它们的表现。我们发现对双重因素模型的支持，尽管不是明确的，但使用考试焦虑作为 GAD 和 PD 的额外精神病理学指标。