Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women globally. Angiogenesis contributes significantly to breast cancer progression and dissemination. Neovascularization is concurrent with the progression and growth of breast cancer. Breast cancer cells control angiogenesis by secreting pro-angiogenic factors like fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin, transforming growth factor-β, platelet-derived growth factor and several others. These pro-angiogenic factors trigger neovascularization, and thereby lead to breast cancer development and metastasis. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-regulated angiogenesis cascade is a crucial underlying factor in breast cancer growth and metastasis. To that end, several efforts have been made to identify druggable targets within the HIF-angiogenesis components. However, escape pathways are a major hindrance for targeted therapies against angiogenesis. Thus, understanding the key factors that trigger breast cancer angiogenesis is critical in elucidating ways to inhibit breast cancer. The current review provides an overview of the key growth factors that trigger breast cancer angiogenesis.

中文翻译：

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乳腺癌血管生成诱导：旁分泌范例

乳腺癌是全球女性中最普遍的癌症类型。血管生成显着促进乳腺癌的进展和传播。新血管形成与乳腺癌的进展和生长同时发生。乳腺癌细胞通过分泌促血管生成因子，如成纤维细胞生长因子、血管内皮生长因子、白细胞介素、转化生长因子-β、血小板衍生生长因子等来控制血管生成。这些促血管生成因子触发新血管形成，从而导致乳腺癌的发展和转移。缺氧诱导因子 (HIF) 调节的血管生成级联反应是乳腺癌生长和转移的关键潜在因素。为此，已经做出了一些努力来确定 HIF 血管生成成分中的可药物靶点。然而，逃逸途径是针对血管生成的靶向治疗的主要障碍。因此，了解触发乳腺癌血管生成的关键因素对于阐明抑制乳腺癌的方法至关重要。本综述概述了触发乳腺癌血管生成的关键生长因子。