The paper presents a systematic description about the observation scheme analysis and practical observation of artificially triggered lightning with a ground-based microwave radiometer together with other discharging observation instruments at Guangzhou Field Experiment Site for Lightning research and testing in Conghua, Guangdong in the thunderstorm season of the 4 consecutive years from 2016 to 2019. The results from statistical analysis of the brightness temperature data observed from 2017 to 2019 show that: (1) The frequencies such as 28, 30, 51.25 and 51.76 GHz in atmospheric window are more likely to respond with outstanding brightness temperature pulses than other observation frequencies of the radiometer; (2) When the elevation angle is 30°, the observation distance is relatively short (99 m in this study), and the “lightning observation mode” is adopted, the efficiency for a ground-based microwave radiometer to capture the lightning heating effect caused by artificially triggered lightning can be improved; (3) The observation efficiency of the 3 years as a whole is 71.4% but gradually increases year by year; (4) The radiometer observation data can be used to reveal the characteristics of lightning heating effects such as duration and lightning current integral; (5) Combined with the lightning current data measured by a coaxial shunt during the experiment, it was found that the estimated lightning heating effect durations based on 25 artificially triggered lightning observations are well consistent with the lightning current durations, as shown by the correlation coefficient of 0.73. This also implies that the radiometer working on the lightning observation mode presented by this paper can observe the lightning heating effect and estimate its duration.

本文系统地阐述了在广东从化雷雨季节雷电研究与测试广州外场试验场利用地基微波辐射计和其他放电观测仪器对人工触发闪电的观测方案分析和实际观测。 2016-2019 年连续 4 年。 对 2017-2019 年观测到的亮温数据进行统计分析的结果表明： (1) 大气窗口中的 28、30、51.25、51.76 GHz 等频率更容易响应具有比辐射计其他观测频率更突出的亮温脉冲；(2) 仰角为30°时，观测距离较短（本研究为99 m），采用“闪电观测模式”，可以提高地基微波辐射计捕捉人为触发闪电引起的闪电加热效应的效率。（3）3年整体观测效率为71.4%，但逐年递增；(4)辐射计观测数据可用于揭示雷电加热效应的持续时间、雷电流积分等特征；(5) 结合实验过程中同轴分流器测得的雷电流数据发现，基于25次人工触发雷电观测估算的雷电加热效应持续时间与雷电流持续时间非常吻合，如相关系数所示0.73。