Studies of representative bureaucracy have shown how minority groups are often underrepresented in public agencies. They also indicate that the match between the backgrounds of the bureaucrats and their clients has a strong effect on minority groups. Less attention has been devoted to the question of what happens when street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) from a minority group serve clients in organizations all of whose clients belong to the same minority group as the SLBs. How do they behave when the policies they must implement are inconsistent with their collective moral values? What dilemmas do they experience, and how do they address them? We explore these questions using the case of Arab civics teachers in Arab schools in Israel, organizations with a homogeneous work environment of minorities. Our findings contribute to the existing literature by emphasizing the importance of the organizational context. In a homogeneous work environment, it is easier for SLBs to deviate from formal policy. While they must still consider “disobeying costs” imposed by the state, the organizational mixture strengthens the legitimacy among clients, colleagues, and direct managers to deviate from official public policy.

中文翻译：

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积极的代议制官僚制、同质的组织环境以及基层官僚对官方政策的偏离

对代表性官僚机构的研究表明，少数群体在公共机构中的代表性往往不足。他们还表明，官僚和他们的客户的背景之间的匹配对少数群体有很大的影响。当少数群体的街头官僚 (SLB) 为组织中的客户提供服务时会发生什么问题，人们对这一问题的关注较少。其客户端与 SLB 属于同一少数群体。当他们必须执行的政策与他们的集体道德价值观不一致时，他们会如何表现？他们经历了哪些困境，他们如何解决这些困境？我们使用以色列阿拉伯学校的阿拉伯公民教师的案例来探讨这些问题，这些组织具有同质的少数族裔工作环境。我们的研究结果通过强调组​​织环境的重要性对现有文献做出了贡献。在同质化的工作环境中，SLB 更容易偏离正式的政策。虽然他们仍然必须考虑国家强加的“不服从成本”，但这种组织混合加强了客户、同事和直接经理偏离官方公共政策的合法性。