Air pollutants, especially ambient fine particulate matter2.5, may contribute to various ocular surface disorders, including dry eye disease, keratitis and conjunctivitis. A natural polyamine spermidine has a protective effect on the retina and optic nerve; however, no study has been conducted on the application of spermidine in particulate matter2.5-induced dry eye disease. In the present study, we investigated the effect of spermidine eye drops in topically exposed particulate matter2.5-induced dry eye models of Sprague-Dawley rats, by hematological, biochemical and histological evaluation. Spermidine eye drops attenuated the particulate matter2.5 exposure-induced reduction of tear secretion and corneal epithelial damage. Furthermore, spermidine protected against conjunctival goblet cell loss and retinal ganglion cell loss induced by particulate matter2.5. Additionally, spermidine markedly prevented particulate matter2.5-induced infiltration of cluster of differentiation3⁺ and cluster of differentiation4⁺ T lymphocytes and F4/80⁺ macrophages on lacrimal gland. Moreover, over expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 in the lacrimal gland and cornea. Meanwhile, the levels of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were markedly increased by topical exposure to particulate matter2.5, but this change in the lipid profile was decreased by spermidine. Taken together, spermidine may have protective effects against particulate matter2.5-induced dry eye symptoms via stabilization of the tear film and suppression of inflammation and may in part contribute to improving retinal function and lipid metabolism disorder.

中文翻译：

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外用亚精胺对柴油颗粒物致视网膜损伤干眼病的保护作用2.5

空气污染物，尤其是环境中的细颗粒物 2.5，可能会导致各种眼表疾病，包括干眼病、角膜炎和结膜炎。天然多胺亚精胺对视网膜和视神经有保护作用；然而，尚未对亚精胺在颗粒物 2.5 诱发的干眼病中的应用进行研究。在本研究中，我们通过血液学、生化和组织学评估研究了亚精胺滴眼液对局部暴露的颗粒物 2.5 诱导的 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠干眼模型的影响。亚精胺滴眼液减弱了颗粒物 2.5 暴露引起的泪液分泌减少和角膜上皮损伤。此外，亚精胺防止由颗粒物引起的结膜杯状细胞损失和视网膜神经节细胞损失2.5。此外，亚精胺显着阻止了颗粒物 2.5 诱导的分化簇浸润 3⁺和分化簇 4 ⁺ T 淋巴细胞和 F4/80 ⁺泪腺上的巨噬细胞。此外，促炎细胞因子，包括肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6 和白细胞介素-17 在泪腺和角膜中的过度表达。同时，局部暴露于颗粒物会显着增加血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的水平2.5，但亚精胺降低了脂质谱的这种变化。总之，亚精胺可能通过稳定泪膜和抑制炎症对颗粒物 2.5 引起的干眼症状具有保护作用，并且可能部分有助于改善视网膜功能和脂质代谢紊乱。