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Dynamic policies for resource reallocation in a robotic mobile fulfillment system with time-varying demand
European Journal of Operational Research ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2021.09.001
T. Lamballais 1 , M. Merschformann 2 , D. Roy 1, 3 , M.B.M. de Koster 1 , K. Azadeh 1 , L. Suhl 2
Affiliation  

A Robotic Mobile Fulfillment System (RMFS) is an automated parts-to-picker material handling system, in which robots carry pods with products to the order pickers. It is particularly suitable for e-commerce order fulfillment and can quickly and frequently reallocate workers and robots across the picking and replenishment processes to respond to strong demand fluctuations. More resources for the picking process means lower customer wait times, whereas more resources for the replenishment process means a higher inventory level and product availability. This paper models the RMFS as a queuing network and integrates it within a Markov decision process (MDP), that aims to allocate robots across the pick and replenishment processes during both high and low demand periods, based on the workloads in these processes. We extend existing MDP models with one resource type and one process to an MDP model for two resources types and two processes. The policies derived from the model are compared with benchmark policies from practice. The results show that the length of the peak demand phase and the height of the peak affects the optimal policy choice. In addition, policies that continually reallocate resources based on the workload outperform benchmark policies from practice. Moreover, if the number of robots is limited, continual resource reallocation can reduce costs sharply. The results show that optimal dynamic policies can reduce the cost by up to 52.18% on average compared to optimal fixed policies.



中文翻译:

具有时变需求的机器人移动履行系统中资源重新分配的动态策略

机器人移动履行系统 (RMFS) 是一种自动化的零件到拣货员材料处理系统,其中机器人将装有产品的吊舱运送到订单拣货员。它特别适用于电子商务订单履行,可以在拣货和补货流程中快速频繁地重新分配工人和机器人,以应对强烈的需求波动。用于拣货流程的更多资源意味着更短的客户等待时间,而用于补货流程的更多资源意味着更高的库存水平和产品可用性。本文将 RMFS 建模为排队网络,并将其集成到马尔可夫决策过程 (MDP) 中,该过程旨在根据这些流程中的工作负载在高需求和低需求期间在拣货和补货流程中分配机器人。我们将现有的具有一种资源类型和一种进程的 MDP 模型扩展为具有两种资源类型和两种进程的 MDP 模型。将模型得出的政策与实践中的基准政策进行比较。结果表明,需求高峰期的长度和高峰的高度影响最优政策选择。此外,基于工作负载不断重新分配资源的策略在实践中优于基准策略。此外,如果机器人数量有限,持续的资源重新配置可以大幅降低成本。结果表明,与最优固定策略相比,最优动态策略平均可以降低高达 52.18% 的成本。将模型得出的政策与实践中的基准政策进行比较。结果表明,需求高峰期的长度和高峰的高度影响最优政策选择。此外,基于工作负载不断重新分配资源的策略在实践中优于基准策略。此外,如果机器人数量有限,持续的资源重新配置可以大幅降低成本。结果表明,与最优固定策略相比,最优动态策略平均可以降低高达 52.18% 的成本。将模型得出的政策与实践中的基准政策进行比较。结果表明,需求高峰期的长度和高峰的高度影响最优政策选择。此外,基于工作负载不断重新分配资源的策略在实践中优于基准策略。此外,如果机器人数量有限,持续的资源重新配置可以大幅降低成本。结果表明,与最优固定策略相比,最优动态策略平均可以降低高达 52.18% 的成本。如果机器人数量有限,持续的资源重新分配可以大幅降低成本。结果表明,与最优固定策略相比,最优动态策略平均可以降低高达 52.18% 的成本。如果机器人数量有限,持续的资源重新分配可以大幅降低成本。结果表明,与最优固定策略相比,最优动态策略平均可以降低高达 52.18% 的成本。

更新日期:2021-09-09
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