Understanding the mechanisms underlying the positive influence of urban biodiversity on dwellers’ well-being is critical to inform sustainable management of urban greenspaces, but studies published to date on the role of biodiversity in mental restoration have provided contradictory results. Both urban greenspace biophysical characteristics and the emotional connection with the place may play a role in mental restoration. Using urban greenspace landscape and biodiversity metrics, and on-site observations and questionnaires to assess site quality and visitors’ perceptions, we explore the influence of biodiversity (perceived and measured at different levels), urban greenspace characteristics, and visitors profiles in mental restoration. Our statistical analysis demonstrates that perception of biodiversity, along with satisfaction and connection to place, were the most important predictors of mental restoration. The proportion of broadleaf and evergreen tree species also had a positive influence on biodiversity perception and mental restoration. People perceive existing biodiversity through visual cues as the diversity of leaf forms in broadleaf species, with this process being almost completely mediated by the perception of tree diversity. These findings have direct translation into planning and management practices by acknowledging the importance of biodiversity and, above all, specific traits, namely of evergreen broadleaf species, in promoting restorativeness of urban parks for users. Our results highlight the importance of using standard ecological methods when assessing biodiversity in urban greenspaces and their influence on human well-being.

中文翻译：

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生物多样性与它有什么关系？对城市公园生物多样性和恢复性的看法

了解城市生物多样性对居民福祉产生积极影响的潜在机制对于城市绿地的可持续管理至关重要，但迄今为止发表的关于生物多样性在心理恢复中作用的研究提供了相互矛盾的结果。城市绿地的生物物理特征和与场所的情感联系都可能在心理恢复中发挥作用。使用城市绿地景观和生物多样性指标，以及现场观察和问卷来评估场地质量和游客的感知，我们探索了生物多样性（在不同层次上感知和测量的）、城市绿地特征和游客概况对心理恢复的影响。我们的统计分析表明，对生物多样性的看法，除了满意度和与地方的联系，是心理恢复最重要的预测因素。阔叶树种和常绿树种的比例对生物多样性感知和心理恢复也有积极影响。人们通过视觉线索将现有的生物多样性感知为阔叶树种的叶子形式的多样性，而这一过程几乎完全由对树木多样性的感知来调节。通过承认生物多样性的重要性，尤其是常绿阔叶树种的特定特征，这些发现可以直接转化为规划和管理实践，以促进城市公园对使用者的恢复。我们的结果强调了在评估城市绿地中的生物多样性及其对人类福祉的影响时使用标准生态方法的重要性。