The participation of diverse actors and usage of traditional and local knowledge have been recognized as important for ecosystem management, including local biodiversity strategies and action plans (LBSAPs) implemented in municipalities. Assessing the effects and influences of the participation of diverse actors and usage of traditional and local knowledge requires analyses by a social-ecological system framework. This study aimed to clarify (1) how the participation of diverse actors and the recognition and usage of traditional knowledge that is passed down from generation to generation, and local knowledge that is unique to a local community were related to LBSAP actions and effects and (2) how various social and ecological factors were related with the participation of diverse actors and traditional and local knowledge. We conducted a questionnaire survey and obtained the data from 70 municipalities that have formulated LBSAPs, in addition to other existing data from various sources. We then performed a multiple regression analysis using the full model including all explanatory variables. A positive relationship was observed between the variables for the participation of diverse actors and traditional and local knowledge and the variables for the information sharing, deliberation processes, the evaluative and investment activities of LBSAPs. For example, deliberation process of an LBSAP was thought to have provided an opportunity to recognize and learn local knowledge. Consciousness of local knowledge and usage of traditional knowledge in an LBSAP were then associated with awareness of change toward biodiversity among citizens. The participation of diverse actors and usage of traditional and local knowledge were influenced by several ecological and social factors such as natural and secondary forests, agricultural lands, population and influential people. These results suggest that participation of diverse actors and usage of traditional and local knowledge have a significant role in the formulation of LBSAPs and their outcomes.

中文翻译：

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日本市政当局的当地生物多样性战略和行动计划中不同参与者的参与以及传统和地方知识的使用

不同参与者的参与以及传统和当地知识的使用已被认为对生态系统管理很重要，包括在市政当局实施的当地生物多样性战略和行动计划 (LBSAP)。评估不同参与者的参与以及传统和地方知识的使用的效果和影响需要通过社会生态系统框架进行分析。本研究旨在阐明 (1) 不同参与者的参与以及对代代相传的传统知识以及当地社区独有的当地知识的认可和使用如何与 LBSAP 行动和效果相关，以及 ( 2) 各种社会和生态因素如何与不同参与者以及传统和地方知识的参与相关联。我们进行了问卷调查，从制定 LBSAP 的 70 个城市获得了数据，此外还有其他各种来源的现有数据。然后，我们使用包含所有解释变量的完整模型进行多元回归分析。观察到不同参与者以及传统和地方知识的参与变量与信息共享、审议过程、LBSAP 的评估和投资活动的变量之间存在正相关关系。例如，LBSAP 的审议过程被认为提供了认识和学习当地知识的机会。在 LBSAP 中，当地知识的意识和传统知识的使用与公民对生物多样性变化的意识相关联。不同行为者的参与以及传统和地方知识的使用受到若干生态和社会因素的影响，例如天然林和次生林、农地、人口和有影响力的人。这些结果表明，不同参与者的参与以及传统和地方知识的使用在制定 LBSAP 及其结果方面具有重要作用。