Aging leads to profound changes in glucose homeostasis, weight, and adiposity, which are considered good predictors of health and survival in humans. Direct evidence that these age-associated metabolic alterations are recapitulated in animal models is lacking, impeding progress to develop and test interventions that delay the onset of metabolic dysfunction and promote healthy aging and longevity. We compared longitudinal trajectories, rates of change, and mortality risks of fasting blood glucose, body weight, and fat mass in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans throughout their lifespans and found similar trajectories of body weight and fat in the three species. In contrast, fasting blood glucose decreased late in life in mice but increased over the lifespan of nonhuman primates and humans. Higher glucose was associated with lower mortality in mice but higher mortality in nonhuman primates and humans, providing a cautionary tale for translating age-associated metabolic changes from mice to humans.

衰老导致葡萄糖稳态、体重和肥胖的深刻变化，这些被认为是人类健康和生存的良好预测指标。这些与年龄相关的代谢改变在动物模型中得到概括的直接证据缺乏，阻碍了开发和测试延迟代谢功能障碍发作和促进健康衰老和长寿的干预措施的进展。我们比较了小鼠、非人类灵长类动物和人类整个生命周期的空腹血糖、体重和脂肪量的纵向轨迹、变化率和死亡率风险，发现这三个物种的体重和脂肪轨迹相似。相比之下，小鼠的空腹血糖在生命后期有所下降，但在非人类灵长类动物和人类的整个生命周期中却有所增加。