A ZnO$\left(10\overline{1}0\right)$ single crystal was investigated using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In roughly 1 mbar water the surface roughens within minutes. Hereby, the formation of $\left(0001\right)$- or $\left(000\overline{1}\right)$-type steps is favored over the formation of $\left(1\overline{2}10\right)$-type steps. The roughened surface is stable in ultra-high vacuum and does not exhibit a different amount of hydroxylation or adsorbed water compared to the as-prepared surface. The speed of the roughening is related to the total volume of water supplied to the surface rather than the water pressure.

中文翻译：

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ZnO (101¯0) 在中等压力的水中不稳定

氧化锌$\left(10\overline{1}0\right)$使用原位扫描隧道显微镜和 X 射线光电子能谱研究单晶。在大约 1 毫巴的水中，表面会在几分钟内变粗糙。由此，形成$\left(0001\right)$- 或者 $\left(000\overline{1}\right)$- 类型的步骤比形成更受欢迎 $\left(1\overline{2}10\right)$- 类型的步骤。粗糙表面在超高真空中是稳定的，与制备的表面相比，不会表现出不同量的羟基化或吸附水。粗糙化的速度与供应到表面的总水量有关，而不是与水压有关。