The wide variety of chemical properties and biological functions found in proteins is attained via post-translational modifications like glycosylation. Covalently bonded to proteins, glycans play a critical role in cell activity. Complex structures with microheterogeneity, the glycan structures that are associated with proteins are difficult to analyze comprehensively. Recent advances in sample preparation methods, separation techniques, and MS have facilitated the quantitation and structural elucidation of glycans. This review focuses on highlighting advances in MS-based techniques for glycomic analysis that occurred over the last 5 years (2017–2021) as an update to the previous review on the subject. The topics of discussion will include progress in glycomic workflow such as glycan release, purification, derivatization, and separation as well as the topics of ionization, tandem MS, and separation techniques that can be coupled with MS. Additionally, bioinformatics tools used for the analysis of glycans will be described.

中文翻译：

---

基于质谱的糖组学进展——涵盖 2017-2021 年期间的更新

蛋白质中发现的多种化学性质和生物学功能是通过糖基化等翻译后修饰获得的。聚糖与蛋白质共价结合，在细胞活性中起关键作用。具有微异质性的复杂结构，与蛋白质相关的聚糖结构难以全面分析。样品制备方法、分离技术和 MS 的最新进展促进了聚糖的定量和结构解析。这篇综述重点突出了过去 5 年（2017-2021 年）基于 MS 的糖组学分析技术的进展，作为对之前关于该主题的综述的更新。讨论的主题将包括糖组学工作流程的进展，例如聚糖释放、纯化、衍生化、和分离以及电离、串联 MS 和可与 MS 耦合的分离技术的主题。此外，还将介绍用于分析聚糖的生物信息学工具。