Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complicated autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory and demyelinating events in the central nervous system. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of MS have not been elucidated. However, a set of metabolic changes and their effects on immune cells and neural functions have been explained. This review highlights the contribution of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism to the etiology and pathogenesis of MS. Then, we have proposed a hypothetical relationship between such metabolic changes and the immune system in patients with MS. Finally, the potential clinical implications of these metabolic changes in diagnosis, prognosis, and discovering therapeutic targets have been discussed. It is concluded that research on the pathophysiological alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism may be a potential strategy for paving the way toward MS treatment.

多发性硬化症 (MS) 是一种复杂的自身免疫性疾病，其特征在于中枢神经系统中的炎症和脱髓鞘事件。MS的确切病因和发病机制尚未阐明。然而，已经解释了一系列代谢变化及其对免疫细胞和神经功能的影响。这篇综述强调了碳水化合物和脂质代谢对 MS 病因和发病机制的贡献。然后，我们提出了这种代谢变化与 MS 患者免疫系统之间的假设关系。最后，讨论了这些代谢变化在诊断、预后和发现治疗靶点方面的潜在临床意义。