The oestrids are a genuinely unique group of Diptera that represent many species whose larvae parasitize mammals, feeding on live tissues of a wide range of hosts, from mice to elephants, causing obligatory myiases. Those have had greatest impact on the activities of humans and their use of animals (e.g., as food, recreation, in the conduct of wars). To a large extent their impact has been controlled through the use of therapeutic application of synthetic chemical treatments. While in some limited cases eradication has been achieved, it is unlikely to become the norm as these parasites seem well adapted to survive at low population densities and small smoldering foci are likely to present a challenge in the future. Should organic production eschew the use of parasiticides, other than for rescue of seriously ill animals, the foci of infection by these parasites will remain. In this article, we explore current scientific information on this group of parasites that may have become an anachronism in modern livestock parasitology, identify gaps in our knowledge as well as the suggestions for the management of these parasites in the era of genomics and proteomics.

雌虫是真正独特的双翅目，代表了许多物种，它们的幼虫寄生于哺乳动物，以从老鼠到大象的各种宿主的活组织为食，导致强制性的蝇蛆病。这些对人类的活动和他们对动物的使用（例如，作为食物、娱乐、战争进行）产生了最大的影响。通过使用合成化学疗法的治疗应用，在很大程度上控制了它们的影响。虽然在某些有限的情况下已经实现了根除，但它不太可能成为常态，因为这些寄生虫似乎很适合在低人口密度下生存，而且小的闷烧病灶可能在未来构成挑战。有机生产是否应避免使用杀虫剂，而不是用于拯救重病动物，这些寄生虫感染的病灶将继续存在。在本文中，我们探讨了关于这组寄生虫的当前科学信息，这些寄生虫可能已成为现代家畜寄生虫学中的一个时代错误，找出我们知识中的空白以及在基因组学和蛋白质组学时代管理这些寄生虫的建议。