The reiterative organogenesis that drives plant growth relies on the constant production of new cells, which remain encased by interconnected cell walls. For these reasons, plant morphogenesis strictly depends on the rate and orientation of both cell division and cell growth. Important progress has been made in recent years in understanding how cell cycle progression and the orientation of cell divisions are coordinated with cell and organ growth and with the acquisition of specialized cell fates. We review basic concepts and players in plant cell cycle and division, and then focus on their links to growth-related cues, such as metabolic state, cell size, cell geometry, and cell mechanics, and on how cell cycle progression and cell division are linked to specific cell fates. The retinoblastoma pathway has emerged as a major player in the coordination of the cell cycle with both growth and cell identity, while microtubule dynamics are central in the coordination of oriented cell divisions. Future challenges include clarifying feedbacks between growth and cell cycle progression, revealing the molecular basis of cell division orientation in response to mechanical and chemical signals, and probing the links between cell fate changes and chromatin dynamics during the cell cycle.

中文翻译：

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在人群中骑自行车：植物细胞分裂、生长和细胞命运的协调

驱动植物生长的重复器官发生依赖于新细胞的不断产生，这些新细胞仍然被互连的细胞壁包围。由于这些原因，植物形态发生严格取决于细胞分裂和细胞生长的速率和方向。近年来，在了解细胞周期进程和细胞分裂方向如何与细胞和器官生长以及特定细胞命运的获得相协调方面取得了重要进展。我们回顾植物细胞周期和分裂的基本概念和参与者，然后重点关注它们与生长相关线索的联系，例如代谢状态、细胞大小、细胞几何形状和细胞力学，以及细胞周期进程和细胞分裂是如何进行的与特定的细胞命运相关。视网膜母细胞瘤途径已成为协调细胞周期与生长和细胞身份的主要参与者，而微管动力学则在协调定向细胞分裂中发挥着核心作用。未来的挑战包括澄清生长和细胞周期进程之间的反馈，揭示细胞分裂方向响应机械和化学信号的分子基础，以及探讨细胞周期中细胞命运变化和染色质动态之间的联系。