Pre-clinical research advances our understanding of the vagus nerve-mediated regulation of immunity and clinical trials successfully utilize electrical vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of patients with inflammatory disorders. This symbiotic relationship between pre-clinical and clinical research exploring the vagus nerve-based 'inflammatory reflex' has substantially contributed to establishing the field of bioelectronic medicine. Recent studies identify a crosstalk between the vagus nerve and other neural circuitries in controlling inflammation and delineate new neural immunoregulatory pathways. Here we outline current mechanistic insights into the role of vagal and non-vagal neural pathways in neuro-immune communication and inflammatory regulation. We also provide a timely overview of expanding opportunities for bioelectronic neuromodulation in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders.

中文翻译：

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周围神经刺激和免疫：提供机械洞察和治疗干预的不断扩大的机会。


临床前研究增进了我们对迷走神经介导的免疫调节的理解，临床试验成功地利用迷走神经电刺激治疗炎症性疾病患者。探索基于迷走神经的“炎症反射”的临床前和临床研究之间的这种共生关系极大地促进了生物电子医学领域的建立。最近的研究发现迷走神经和其他神经回路在控制炎症方面存在串扰，并描绘了新的神经免疫调节途径。在这里，我们概述了目前对迷走神经和非迷走神经通路在神经免疫通讯和炎症调节中的作用的机制见解。我们还及时概述了生物电子神经调节治疗各种炎症性疾病的机会。