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Mapping of a N-terminal α-helix domain required for human PINK1 stabilisation, Serine228 autophosphorylation and activation in cells
bioRxiv - Biochemistry Pub Date : 2021-09-06 , DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.06.459138
Poonam Kakade , Hina Ojha , Olawale Raimi , Andrew Shaw , Andrew Waddell , James Ault , Sophie Burel , Kathrin Brockmann , Atul Kumar , Mohd Ahanger , Ewelina Krysztofinska , Thomas Macartney , Richard Bayliss , Julia Catherine Fitzgerald , Miratul Muqit

Human autosomal recessive mutations in the PINK1 gene are causal for Parkinson’s disease (PD). PINK1 encodes a mitochondrial localised protein kinase that is a master-regulator of mitochondrial quality control pathways. Structural studies to date have elaborated the mechanism of how mutations located within the kinase domain disrupt PINK1 function, however, the molecular mechanism of PINK1 mutations located upstream and downstream of the kinase domain are unknown. We have employed mutagenesis studies of human PINK1 in cells to define the minimal region of PINK1, required for optimal ubiquitin phosphorylation, beginning at residue Ile111. Bioinformatic analysis of the region spanning Ile111 to the kinase domain and inspection of the AlphaFold human PINK1 structure model predicts a conserved N-terminal α-helical domain extension (NTE domain) within this region corroborated by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) of recombinant insect PINK1 protein. The AlphaFold structure also predicts the NTE domain forms an intramolecular interaction with the C-terminal extension (CTE). Cell-based analysis of human PINK1 reveals that PD-associated mutations (e.g. Q126P), located within the NTE:CTE interface, markedly inhibit stabilization of PINK1; autophosphorylation at Serine228 (Ser228); and Ubiquitin Serine65 (Ser65) phosphorylation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that NTE domain mutants do not affect intrinsic catalytic kinase activity but do disrupt PINK1 stabilisation at the mitochondrial Translocase of outer membrane (TOM) complex. The clinical relevance of our findings is supported by the demonstration of defective stabilization and activation of endogenous PINK1 in human fibroblasts of a patient with early-onset PD due to homozygous PINK1 Q126P mutations. Overall, we define a functional role of the NTE:CTE interface towards PINK1 stabilisation and activation and show that loss of NTE:CTE interactions is a major mechanism of PINK1-associated mutations linked to PD.

中文翻译:

人 PINK1 稳定所需的 N 端 α-螺旋结构域的定位,细胞中丝氨酸 228 自磷酸化和激活

PINK1 中的人类常染色体隐性突变基因是帕金森病(PD)的原因。PINK1 编码一种线粒体定位蛋白激酶,它是线粒体质量控制途径的主要调节剂。迄今为止的结构研究已经阐述了位于激酶域内的突变如何破坏 PINK1 功能的机制,然而,位于激酶域上游和下游的 PINK1 突变的分子机制尚不清楚。我们在细胞中采用了人类 PINK1 的诱变研究来定义 PINK1 的最小区域,这是最佳泛素磷酸化所需的区域,从残基 Ile111 开始。对跨越 Ile111 到激酶结构域的区域进行生物信息学分析并检查 AlphaFold 人类 PINK1 结构模型预测该区域内保守的 N 端 α-螺旋结构域延伸(NTE 结构域)得到氢/氘交换质谱法 (HDX-MS) 的证实) 重组昆虫 PINK1 蛋白。AlphaFold 结构还预测 NTE 结构域与 C 末端延伸 (CTE) 形成分子内相互作用。基于细胞的人 PINK1 分析表明,位于 NTE:CTE 界面内的 PD 相关突变(例如 Q126P)显着抑制了 PINK1 的稳定性;Serine228 (Ser228) 处的自磷酸化;和泛素丝氨酸65 (Ser65) 磷酸化。此外,我们提供的证据表明,NTE 域突变体不会影响内在的催化激酶活性,但会破坏外膜 (TOM) 复合物线粒体移位酶的 PINK1 稳定性。由于纯合 PINK1 Q126P 突变,早发性 PD 患者的人成纤维细胞中内源性 PINK1 的稳定和激活缺陷证明了我们研究结果的临床相关性。总的来说,我们定义了 NTE:CTE 界面对 PINK1 稳定和激活的功能作用,并表明 NTE:CTE 相互作用的丧失是与 PD 相关的 PINK1 相关突变的主要机制。由于纯合 PINK1 Q126P 突变,早发性 PD 患者的人成纤维细胞中内源性 PINK1 的稳定和激活缺陷证明了我们研究结果的临床相关性。总的来说,我们定义了 NTE:CTE 界面对 PINK1 稳定和激活的功能作用,并表明 NTE:CTE 相互作用的丧失是与 PD 相关的 PINK1 相关突变的主要机制。由于纯合 PINK1 Q126P 突变,早发性 PD 患者的人成纤维细胞中内源性 PINK1 的稳定和激活缺陷证明了我们研究结果的临床相关性。总的来说,我们定义了 NTE:CTE 界面对 PINK1 稳定和激活的功能作用,并表明 NTE:CTE 相互作用的丧失是与 PD 相关的 PINK1 相关突变的主要机制。
更新日期:2021-09-09
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