Hemoglobin oxidation due to oxidative stress and disease conditions leads to generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and membrane attachment of hemoglobin in-vivo, where its redox activity leads to peroxidative damage of membrane lipids and proteins. Spectrin, the major component of the RBC membrane skeleton, is known to interact with hemoglobin and, here this interaction is shown to increase hemoglobin peroxidase activity in the presence of reducing substrate ABTS (2’, 2’-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid). It is also shown that in the absence of reducing substrate, spectrin forms covalently cross-linked aggregates with hemoglobin which display no peroxidase activity. This may have implications in the clearance of ROS and limiting peroxidative damage. Spectrin is found to modulate the peroxidase activity of different hemoglobin variants like A, E, and S, and of isolated globin chains from each of these variants. This may be of importance in disease states like sickle cell disease and HbE-β-thalassemia, where increased oxidative damage and free globin subunits are present due to the defects inherent in the hemoglobin variants associated with these diseases. This hypothesis is corroborated by lipid peroxidation experiments. The modulatory role of spectrin is shown to extend to other heme proteins, namely catalase and cytochrome-c. Experiments with free heme and Raman spectroscopy of heme proteins in the presence of spectrin show that structural alterations occur in the heme moiety of the heme proteins on spectrin binding, which may be the structural basis of increased enzyme activity.

中文翻译：

---

红细胞血影蛋白结合调节血红素蛋白的过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性

由于氧化应激和疾病条件引起的血红蛋白氧化导致 ROS（活性氧）的产生和体内血红蛋白的膜附着，其氧化还原活性导致膜脂和蛋白质的过氧化损伤。血影蛋白是 RBC 膜骨架的主要成分，已知与血红蛋白相互作用，这里显示这种相互作用在存在还原性底物 ABTS（2', 2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline）的情况下增加血红蛋白过氧化物酶活性-6-磺酸）。还表明，在没有还原底物的情况下，血影蛋白与血红蛋白形成共价交联的聚集体，不显示过氧化物酶活性。这可能对清除 ROS 和限制过氧化损伤有影响。发现血影蛋白调节不同血红蛋白变体（如 A、E 和 S）的过氧化物酶活性，以及​​从这些变体中分离出的珠蛋白链的过氧化物酶活性。这在镰状细胞病和 HbE-β-地中海贫血等疾病状态中可能很重要，由于与这些疾病相关的血红蛋白变异体的固有缺陷，存在氧化损伤增加和游离珠蛋白亚基。这一假设得到脂质过氧化实验的证实。血影蛋白的调节作用已扩展到其他血红素蛋白，即过氧化氢酶和细胞色素-c。游离血红素和血红素蛋白在血影蛋白存在下的拉曼光谱实验表明，血红素蛋白的血红素部分在血影蛋白结合时发生了结构改变，这可能是酶活性增加的结构基础。这一假设得到脂质过氧化实验的证实。血影蛋白的调节作用已扩展到其他血红素蛋白，即过氧化氢酶和细胞色素-c。游离血红素和血红素蛋白在血影蛋白存在下的拉曼光谱实验表明，血红素蛋白的血红素部分在血影蛋白结合时发生了结构改变，这可能是酶活性增加的结构基础。这一假设得到脂质过氧化实验的证实。血影蛋白的调节作用已扩展到其他血红素蛋白，即过氧化氢酶和细胞色素-c。游离血红素和血红素蛋白在血影蛋白存在下的拉曼光谱实验表明，血红素蛋白的血红素部分在血影蛋白结合时发生了结构改变，这可能是酶活性增加的结构基础。