Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Clinical manifestations include seborrhea, non-inflammatory lesions, inflammatory lesions, or scar formation. Fourteen eligible participants of either sex, aged 18–28 years old, with mild to moderate acne lesions, were recruited in this observational study. The contents of 10 pilosebaceous units of non-inflammatory (comedones) and inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) were collected from each participant's face and examined by amplicon metagenomics sequencing and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Male participants, participants with a higher body mass index (BMI) than normal, and participants younger than 20 years old, were revealed to have a higher proportion of Malassezia in their non-inflammatory lesions than that in inflammatory lesions. There was an increased abundance of Malassezia restricta (M. restricta) and Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in the non-inflammatory group. Correlation analysis indicated that Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and M. restricta have similar proliferation trends with C. acnes during the transformation from non-inflammatory to inflammatory lesions. M. restricta probably involve in the microecological balance within the pilosebaceous unit.

寻常痤疮是一种常见的毛囊皮脂腺慢性炎症性皮肤病。临床表现包括皮脂溢出、非炎性病变、炎性病变或瘢痕形成。在这项观察性研究中招募了 14 名符合条件的参与者，年龄在 18-28 岁之间，患有轻度至中度痤疮病变。从每位参与者的面部收集 10 个非炎症性（粉刺）和炎症性病变（丘疹和脓疱）的毛囊皮脂腺单位的内容物，并通过扩增子宏基因组学测序和实时聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 检查。男性参与者、体重指数 (BMI) 高于正常人的参与者以及年龄小于 20 岁的参与者被发现具有更高比例的马拉色菌其非炎性病变高于炎性病变。有丰富的增加的马拉色restricta（M. restricta）和痤疮丙酸杆菌Cutibacterium（C.杆菌的非炎性组）。相关性分析表明，表皮葡萄球菌（S.epidermidis）和限制性葡萄球菌在从非炎性病变向炎性病变转变过程中具有与痤疮丙酸杆菌相似的增殖趋势。M. restricta可能参与毛囊皮脂单位内的微生态平衡。