Sensorimotor integration can be assessed by pairing electrical peripheral nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The resulting afferent inhibition is observed when TMS precedes nerve stimulation by ∼ 20–25 ms, termed short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), or by 200 ms, termed long-latency afferent inhibition (LAI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether biological sex influences the magnitude of SAI or LAI. SAI and LAI were assessed in fifteen males (21.5 ± 2.7 years) and fifteen females (20.2 ± 2.3 years). TMS was delivered to the primary motor cortex (M1) following stimulation of the contralateral median nerve at the wrist or digital nerve of the index finger, and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were obtained from the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. SAI evoked by median and digital nerve stimulation, and LAI evoked by median nerve stimulation, were not different between males and females. LAI evoked by digital nerve stimulation was increased in females compared to males, but this difference between sexes was no longer present following the removal of datapoints where inhibition was not observed. This study is the first to investigate biological sex differences in afferent inhibition.

感觉运动整合可以通过将电周围神经刺激与经颅磁刺激 (TMS) 配对来评估。当 TMS 在神经刺激之前 20-25 毫秒（称为短潜伏期传入抑制 (SAI) 或 200 毫秒，称为长潜伏期传入抑制 (LAI)）时，观察到由此产生的传入抑制。本研究的目的是确定生理性别是否会影响 SAI 或 LAI 的大小。SAI 和 LAI 在 15 名男性（21.5 ± 2.7 岁）和 15 名女性（20.2 ± 2.3 岁）中进行了评估。在刺激对侧腕部正中神经或食指指神经后，TMS 被传送至初级运动皮层 (M1)，并从右侧第一骨间背侧 (FDI) 肌肉获得运动诱发电位 (MEP)。正中神经和指神经刺激诱发的 SAI 和正中神经刺激诱发的 LAI 在男性和女性之间没有差异。与男性相比，女性由数字神经刺激引起的 LAI 增加，但在去除未观察到抑制的数据点后，这种性别差异不再存在。这项研究是第一个研究传入抑制的生物学性别差异的研究。