ABSTRACT

Across three studies people miscategorised transgender individuals through degendering (abstention of pronouns) and misgendering (using gender inconsistent pronouns). Participants described and evaluated an individual who either disclosed a transgender identity or did not in an interpersonal context. In Study 1 (N = 203), men were more likely to misgender a woman who identified as transgender (vs. did not) and were less likely to explicitly categorise her as a woman. In Studies 2 (N = 600) and 3 (N = 593), participants were more likely to misgender and degender transgender women and men (vs. controls). In Study 3, participants who learned a person’s pronoun were less likely to degender transgender women. However, providing pronouns did not result in significantly less misgendering overall, nor did it mitigate the degendering of transgender men. Misgendering was a stronger predictor of social connectedness and social categorisation (Study 1) than explicit gender inconsistent categorisations. Misgendering is an insidious indirect form of miscategorisation, more strongly predicting negative social consequences than direct explicit categorisation. While listing one’s pronouns mitigates some pronoun disparities, it is not a cure-all for degendering and misgendering.

摘要

在三项研究中，人们通过退化（弃权代词）和错误性别（使用性别不一致的代词）对跨性别者进行错误分类。参与者在人际交往中描述并评估了一个披露跨性别身份或未披露跨性别身份的个人。在研究 1 ( N = 203) 中，男性更有可能对被认定为跨性别者的女性进行误判（相对于没有），并且不太可能明确地将她归类为女性。在研究 2 ( N = 600) 和 3 ( N= 593），参与者更有可能对跨性别女性和男性进行性别歧视和变性（与对照组相比）。在研究 3 中，学习一个人的代词的参与者不太可能使变性女性变性。然而，提供代词并没有导致总体上的性别错误显着减少，也没有减轻跨性别男性的退化。与明确的性别不一致分类相比，性别错误是社会联系和社会分类（研究 1）的更强预测因素。性别错误是一种隐蔽的间接错误分类形式，比直接明确的分类更能预测负面的社会后果。虽然列出一个人的代词可以减轻一些代词差异，但它并不是解决退化和性别错误的万灵药。