RNA viruses interact with a wide range of cellular RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) during their life cycle. The prevalence of these host–virus interactions has been highlighted by new methods that elucidate the composition of viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). Applied to 11 viruses so far, these approaches have revealed hundreds of cellular RBPs that interact with viral (v)RNA in infected cells. However, consistency across methods is limited, raising questions about methodological considerations when designing and interpreting these studies. Here, we discuss these caveats and, through comparing available vRNA interactomes, describe RBPs that are consistently identified as vRNP components and outline their potential roles in infection. In summary, these novel approaches have uncovered a new universe of host–virus interactions holding great therapeutic potential.

RNA 病毒在其生命周期中与多种细胞 RNA 结合蛋白 (RBP) 相互作用。阐明病毒核糖核蛋白（vRNP）组成的新方法强调了这些宿主与病毒相互作用的普遍性。迄今为止，这些方法已应用于 11 种病毒，揭示了数百个与受感染细胞中的病毒 (v)RNA 相互作用的细胞 RBP。然而，方法之间的一致性是有限的，这在设计和解释这些研究时引发了有关方法学考虑的问题。在这里，我们讨论这些注意事项，并通过比较可用的 vRNA 相互作用组，描述一致被识别为 vRNP 成分的 RBP，并概述它们在感染中的潜在作用。总之，这些新方法揭示了宿主-病毒相互作用的新领域，具有巨大的治疗潜力。