Lead has been used for thousands of years in different anthropogenic activities thanks to its unique properties that allow for many applications such as the manufacturing of drinking water pipes and its use as additives to gasoline and paint. However, knowledge of the adverse impacts of lead on human health has led to its banning from several of its applications, with the main goal of reducing environmental pollution and protecting human health. Human exposure to lead has been linked to different sources of contamination, resulting in high blood lead levels (BLLs) and adverse health implications, primarily in exposed children. Here, we present a summary of a literature review on potential lead sources affecting blood levels and on the different approaches used to reduce human exposure. The findings show a combination of different research approaches, which include the use of inspectors to identify problematic areas in homes, collection and analysis of environmental samples, different lead detection methods (e.g. smart phone applications to identify the presence of lead and mass spectrometry techniques). Although not always the most effective way to predict BLLs in children, linear and non-linear regression models have been used to link BLLs and environmental lead. However, multiple regressions and complex modelling systems would be ideal, especially when seeking results in support of decision-making processes. Overall, lead remains a pollutant of concern and many children are still exposed to it through environmental and drinking water sources. To reduce exposure to lead through source apportionment methods, recent technological advances using high-precision lead stable isotope ratios measured on multi-collector induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) instruments have created a new direction for identifying and then eliminating prevalent lead sources associated with high BLLs.

数千年来，铅一直被用于不同的人类活动，这要归功于其独特的特性，可用于许多应用，例如制造饮用水管以及用作汽油和油漆的添加剂。然而，由于了解铅对人类健康的不利影响，铅的一些应用被禁止，其主要目标是减少环境污染和保护人类健康。人类接触铅与不同的污染源有关，导致高血铅水平 (BLL) 和不利的健康影响，主要是接触铅的儿童。在这里，我们总结了一篇关于影响血液水平的潜在铅源以及用于减少人体接触的不同方法的文献综述。研究结果显示了不同研究方法的结合，包括使用检查员来识别家庭中的问题区域、环境样本的收集和分析、不同的铅检测方法（例如识别铅和质谱技术的智能手机应用程序） . 虽然并不总是预测儿童 BLL 的最有效方法，但线性和非线性回归模型已被用于将 BLL 与环境铅联系起来。然而，多元回归和复杂的建模系统将是理想的，特别是在寻求支持决策过程的结果时。总体而言，铅仍然是一种令人担忧的污染物，许多儿童仍然通过环境和饮用水源接触到铅。为了通过源分配方法减少铅暴露，