Over the last 40 years, there have been several ship losses carrying granular mineral ores that are believed to have been caused by the sudden shifting of the cargo as a result of liquefaction. It is known that the initial moisture content during loading is important for cargo types which are considered susceptible to liquefaction. To limit the moisture content, the degree of saturation must be below 80% in compaction tests designed to reproduce the energy associated with loading cargo into a ship’s hold. During transport, ships can experience storms causing cyclic loading which leads to densification of the cargo and increases in the degree of saturation. There can also be transient increases in pore pressure and associated reductions in the cargo material’s resistance, which when the ship heels increase the likelihood of the cargo shifting and in the extreme, the ship capsizing. In this paper, a recently developed fully coupled dynamic finite element analysis and constitutive model for unsaturated soil is used to perform a parametric study to explore the capabilities of the numerical code and the mechanics of the problem. The numerical analyses are shown to be capable of running for up to 2500 cycles and simulating both cyclic loading and simultaneous consolidation and drainage, a computationally very demanding task. Outcomes of the analyses are used to discuss the factors influencing cargo stability and vessel instability.

在过去的 40 年里，发生了几起运载粒状矿物矿石的船舶损失，据信这是由于液化导致货物突然移动造成的。众所周知，装载期间的初始水分含量对于被认为易液化的货物类型很重要。为了限制水分含量，在旨在再现与将货物装载到船舱中相关的能量的压实测试中，饱和度必须低于 80%。在运输过程中，船舶可能会遇到风暴，造成周期性装载，从而导致货物密度增加和饱和度增加。也可能存在孔隙压力的瞬时增加和货物材料阻力的相关降低，当船倾斜时，这会增加货物移动的可能性，在极端情况下，还会增加船舶倾覆的可能性。在本文中，最近开发的非饱和土的全耦合动态有限元分析和本构模型用于进行参数研究，以探索数值代码的能力和问题的力学。数值分析显示能够运行多达 2500 个循环并模拟循环加载和同时固结和排水，这是一项计算要求非常高的任务。分析结果用于讨论影响货物稳定性和船舶不稳定性的因素。最近开发的完全耦合动态有限元分析和非饱和土本构模型用于执行参数研究，以探索数值代码的能力和问题的力学。数值分析显示能够运行多达 2500 个循环并模拟循环加载和同时固结和排水，这是一项计算要求非常高的任务。分析结果用于讨论影响货物稳定性和船舶不稳定性的因素。最近开发的完全耦合动态有限元分析和非饱和土本构模型用于执行参数研究，以探索数值代码的能力和问题的力学。数值分析显示能够运行多达 2500 个循环并模拟循环加载和同时固结和排水，这是一项计算要求非常高的任务。分析结果用于讨论影响货物稳定性和船舶不稳定性的因素。