The basilar membrane (BM) is the key infrastructure that supports the microstructure of cochlear acoustic function, and its interaction with lymph in the cochlea involves a complex, highly nonlinear coupling motion and energy conversion. In 1928, Nobel Laureate Gordon von Békésy experimented and first discovered the traveling wave motion of the BM, thus uncovering the mystery of BM motion. However, with the further development of experimental technology in recent years, scientists have discovered that the traveling wave motion does not explain many experimental observations and phenomena associated with the detection of low-frequency sounds by the cochlea. Because the cochlea is very small and complex, Békésy could only obtain medium- and high-frequency motion data for the BM but not low-frequency motion data. Based on a theory of mathematical physics and biology combined with data from medical and modern light source imaging experiments, a theoretical model of the spiral cochlea and a numerical model that conforms to the real human ear were established. The results reproduce the known traveling wave motion of the BM. Meanwhile, an exciting new finding has revealed a standing wave motion pattern at low frequencies. This newly discovered motion pattern intrinsically explains many experimental observations that could not be explained by the traveling wave theory. These results not only complement the low-frequency motion characteristics of the BM, but also probably reveal the mechanism of active phonoreceptive amplification in the cochlea, which has been a difficult problem to unravel in otology medicine.

基底膜 (BM) 是支持耳蜗声学功能微观结构的关键基础设施，其与耳蜗内淋巴的相互作用涉及复杂的、高度非线性的耦合运动和能量转换。1928年，诺贝尔奖获得者Gordon von Békésy通过实验首次发现了BM的行波运动，从而揭开了BM运动的神秘面纱。然而，随着近年来实验技术的进一步发展，科学家们发现行波运动并不能解释许多与耳蜗检测低频声音有关的实验观察和现象。由于耳蜗非常小而复杂，Békésy 只能获得 BM 的中高频运动数据，而不能获得低频运动数据。基于数学物理和生物学理论，结合医学和现代光源成像实验数据，建立了螺旋耳蜗的理论模型和符合真实人耳的数值模型。结果再现了 BM 的已知行波运动。与此同时，一项令人兴奋的新发现揭示了低频的驻波运动模式。这种新发现的运动模式从本质上解释了许多行波理论无法解释的实验观察结果。这些结果不仅补充了 BM 的低频运动特性，而且可能揭示了耳蜗中主动声音感受放大的机制，这一直是耳科医学中难以解决的问题。