The Spatially-Averaged Two-Fluid Model (SA-TFM) is a functional multiphase turbulence model aimed at predicting the influence of unresolved meso-scale structures on the macro-scale flow properties in coarse-grid simulations of gas-particle flows. In this study, we highlight the general applicability of the SA-TFM model due to the dynamic estimation of the model coefficients through test-filters, the anisotropic treatment of the Reynolds-stresses and the drag force correction, and additional wall-friction boundary conditions for the particle-phase velocity, Reynolds-stress and turbulent kinetic energy. The dynamic approach derives information on the unresolved meso-scale flow properties from the resolved macro-scale variables without the need for any intensive prior considerations of the specific flow structure. Thereby, the drift velocity, a measure for the drag-reduction due to the presence of meso-scale structures is estimated from the turbulent kinetic energies of the phases and the variance of the solids volume fraction. We validate the dynamic anisotropic SA-TFM against highly resolved fine-grid Two-Fluid Model simulation data and experimental measurements of Geldart type A and B particles in bubbling to turbulent flow regimes. In the course of this extensive study, we find that the predictions for the macro-scale flow properties, such as slip-velocity, bed expansion, volume fraction distribution, and mass-flux, are in good agreement with the experimental and fine-grid simulation data in a vast number of cases, ranging from unbound fluidization to pilot-scale fluidized beds, thus, implying a wide applicability of the dynamic model independent of the underlying grid-size.

空间平均双流体模型 (SA-TFM) 是一种功能性多相湍流模型，旨在预测未解析的中尺度结构对气体-颗粒流粗网格模拟中宏观尺度流动特性的影响。在本研究中，我们强调了 SA-TFM 模型的普遍适用性，因为它通过测试滤波器动态估计模型系数、雷诺应力的各向异性处理和阻力校正，以及附加的壁摩擦边界条件对于粒子相速度、雷诺应力和湍动能。动态方法从已解析的宏观尺度变量中导出有关未解析的中尺度流特性的信息，而无需对特定流结构进行任何深入的先验考虑。因此，漂移速度，由于中尺度结构的存在而导致的减阻措施是根据相的湍流动能和固体体积分数的变化来估计的。我们针对高解析精细网格双流体模型模拟数据和 Geldart A 型和 B 型粒子在鼓泡到湍流流态中的实验测量来验证动态各向异性 SA-TFM。在这项广泛研究的过程中，我们发现宏观流动特性的预测，如滑移速度、床膨胀、体积分数分布和质量通量，与实验和细网格非常吻合。大量情况下的模拟数据，从未结合的流化到中试规模的流化床，因此，这意味着动态模型的广泛适用性与基础网格大小无关。