Ceratocystis wilt is a lethal disease of cacao, and the search for resistant genotypes may provide the best way to deal with the disease. Resistance or susceptibility behavior of some cacao genotypes when infected by Ceratocystis cacaofunesta is not yet understood. Herein, we report an LC-MS metabolomic screening analysis based on high-resolution MS to obtain comprehensive metabolic profile associated with multivariate data analysis of PLS-DA, which was effective to classify CCN-51 and TSH-1188 as resistant genotypes to C. cacaofunesta fungus, while CEPEC2002 was classified as a susceptible one. Using reversed-phase LC method, electrospray interface, and high-resolution tandem MS by the quadrupole-TOF analyzer, the typical profiles of metabolites, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, lipids, alkaloids, and amino acids, were obtained. Untargeted metabolite profiles were used to construct discriminant analysis by partial least squares (PLS-DA)-derived loading plots, which placed the cacao genotypes into two major clusters related to susceptible or resistant groups. Linolenic, linoleic, oleic, stearic, arachidonic, and asiatic acids were annotated metabolites of infected, susceptible, and resistant genotypes, while methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, hydroxylated jasmonic acid, caffeine, and theobromine were annotated as constituents of the resistant genotypes. Trends of these typical metabolites levels revealed that CCN51 is susceptible, CEPEC2002 is moderately susceptible, and TSH1188 is resistant to C. cacaofunesta. Therefore, profiles of major metabolites as screened by LC-MS offer an efficient tool to reveal the level of resistance of cacao genotypes to C. cacaofunesta present in any farm around the world.

中文翻译：

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可可基因型的代谢物质谱分析揭示了对 Ceratocystis cacaofunesta 植物病原体的对比抗性

Ceratocystis wilt 是一种致命的可可病，寻找抗性基因型可能是应对该病的最佳方法。一些可可基因型在感染Ceratocystis cacaofunesta时的抗性或易感性行为尚不清楚。在此，我们报告了基于高分辨率 MS 的 LC-MS 代谢组学筛选分析，以获得与 PLS-DA 的多变量数据分析相关的综合代谢谱，这有效地将 CCN-51 和 TSH-1188 分类为对 CCN-51 和 TSH-1188 的抗性基因型。可可福内斯塔真菌，而 CEPEC2002 被归类为易感真菌。使用反相液相色谱法、电喷雾接口和四极杆-TOF 分析仪的高分辨率串联质谱，获得了代谢物的典型特征，如苯丙烷类、黄酮类、脂质、生物碱和氨基酸。非靶向代谢物谱用于通过偏最小二乘法 (PLS-DA) 衍生的加载图构建判别分析，该加载图将可可基因型分为与易感或抗性组相关的两个主要簇。亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸、花生四烯酸和积雪草酸是受感染、易感和抗性基因型的注释代谢物，而茉莉酸甲酯、茉莉酸、羟基化茉莉酸、咖啡因和可可碱被注释为抗性基因型的成分。C. cacaofunesta。因此，通过 LC-MS 筛选的主要代谢物谱提供了一种有效的工具来揭示可可基因型对世界各地农场中存在的C. cacaofunesta的抗性水平。