Plants produce diverse secondary metabolites in response to different environmental cues including pathogens. The modification of secondary metabolites, including acylation, modulates their biological activity, stability, transport, and localization. A plant-specific BAHD-acyltransferase (BAHD-AT) gene family members catalyze the acylation of secondary metabolites. Here we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa L.) BAHD-ATs at the genome-wide level and endeavor to define their plausible role in the tolerance against Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. We identified a total of 85 rice OsBAHD-AT genes and classified them into five canonical clades based on their phylogenetic relationship with characterized BAHD-ATs from other plant species. The time-course RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of OsBAHD-AT genes and qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation showed higher expression in sheath blight susceptible rice genotype. Furthermore, the DNA methylation analysis revealed higher hypomethylation of OsBAHD-AT genes that corresponds to their higher expression in susceptible rice genotype, indicating epigenetic regulation of OsBAHD-AT genes in response to R. solani AG1-IA inoculation. The results shown here indicate that BAHD-ATs may have a negative role in rice tolerance against R. solani AG1-IA possibly mediated through the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. Altogether, the present analysis suggests the putative functions of several OsBAHD-AT genes, which will provide a blueprint for their functional characterization and to understand the rice–R. solani AG1-IA interaction.

中文翻译：

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进化上不同的水稻 BAHD-酰基转移酶的表征提供了对其在水稻对立枯丝核菌易感性中的合理作用的深入了解

植物响应包括病原体在内的不同环境线索产生多种次生代谢物。次级代谢物的修饰，包括酰化，调节它们的生物活性、稳定性、运输和定位。植物特异性BAHD-酰基转移酶( BAHD-AT ) 基因家族成员催化次生代谢物的酰化。在这里，我们在全基因组水平上对水稻 ( Oryza sativa L.) BAHD-ATs进行了表征，并努力确定它们在对立枯丝核菌AG1-IA 的耐受性中的合理作用。我们共鉴定了 85 个水稻OsBAHD-AT基因并根据它们与来自其他植物物种的特征性BAHD-AT的系统发育关系将它们分为五个典型进化枝。OsBAHD-AT基因的时程 RNA 测序 (RNA-seq) 分析和定性实时聚合酶链反应 (qRT-PCR) 验证显示，在纹枯病易感水稻基因型中表达较高。此外，DNA 甲基化分析显示OsBAHD-AT基因的低甲基化程度较高，这与它们在敏感水稻基因型中的较高表达相对应，表明OsBAHD-AT基因响应R. solani AG1-IA 接种的表观遗传调控。这里显示的结果表明，BAHD-ATs 可能对水稻对R. solani的耐受性具有负面作用AG1-IA 可能通过油菜素内酯 (BR) 信号通路介导。总之，目前的分析表明了几个OsBAHD-AT基因的推定功能，这将为它们的功能表征和理解水稻-R . solani AG1-IA 相互作用提供蓝图。