Personal Exposure to Black Carbon at School and Levels of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in New York City,Environmental Health Perspectives

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Personal Exposure to Black Carbon at School and Levels of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in New York City
Environmental Health Perspectives ( IF 10.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-9-8 , DOI: 10.1289/ehp8985
Kyung Hwa Jung ₁ , Kathleen E Goodwin ₁ , Matthew S Perzanowski ₂ , Steven N Chillrud ₃ , Frederica P Perera ₂ , Rachel L Miller ₄ , Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir ₁

Affiliation

Abstract

Background:

Schools are often located near traffic sources, leading to high levels of exposure to traffic-related air pollutants, including black carbon (BC). Thus, the school environment could play in a significant role in the adverse respiratory health of children.

Objectives:

Our objective was to determine associations between personal BC levels at school and airway inflammation [i.e., fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)] in school-age children. We hypothesized that higher school BC (SBC) would be associated with higher FeNO.

Methods:

Children 9–14 years of age in New York City (NYC) ( $lowercase italic n equals 114$ ) wore BC monitors for two 24-h periods over a 6-d sampling period, repeated 6 months later. SBC was defined as the average personal BC concentrations measured during NYC school hours (i.e., 0830–1430 hours). FeNO was measured following each 24-h BC monitoring period. Multivariable linear regression in generalized estimating equation models were used to examine associations between SBC and FeNO. Results are presented as percentage difference (PD) in FeNO.

Results:

Personal BC at school was associated with higher FeNO ( $percentage difference equals 7.47 percent$ higher FeNO per $1 microgram per meter cubed$ BC (95% CI: 1.31, 13.9), $lowercase italic p equals 0.02$ ]. Compared with BC exposure during school, a smaller PD in FeNO was observed in association with BC exposure while commuting to and from school [ $percentage difference equals 6.82 percent$ (95% CI: 0.70, 13.3), $lowercase italic p equals 0.03$ ]. Personal BC in non-school environments and residential BC were not associated with FeNO ( $lowercase italic p less than 0.05$ ). A significant association between personal BC at school and FeNO was observed among children with seroatopy who did not have asthma [ $percentage difference equals 21.5 percent$ (95% CI: 4.81, 40.9), $lowercase italic p equals 0.01$ ].

Discussion:

Schools may be important sources of BC exposure that contribute to airway inflammation in school-age children. Our results provide rationale for interventions that target improved air quality in urban schools and classrooms. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8985

中文翻译：

个人在学校接触黑碳和纽约市呼出的一氧化氮分数水平

摘要

背景：

学校通常位于交通源附近，导致大量接触与交通相关的空气污染物，包括黑碳 (BC)。因此，学校环境可能在儿童的不良呼吸健康中发挥重要作用。

目标：

我们的目标是确定学龄儿童在学校的个人 BC 水平与气道炎症[即呼出气一氧化氮 (FeNO)] 之间的关联。我们假设高等学校 BC (SBC) 将与较高的 FeNO 相关。

方法：

纽约市 (NYC) 的 9-14 岁儿童 ( $lowercase italic n equals 114$ ) 在 6 天的采样期内佩戴 BC 监视器两次 24 小时，6 个月后重复。SBC 被定义为在纽约市上学时间（即 0830-1430 小时）测量的平均个人 BC 浓度。在每个 24 小时 BC 监测期后测量 FeNO。广义估计方程模型中的多变量线性回归用于检查 SBC 和 FeNO 之间的关联。结果以 FeNO 的百分比差异 (PD) 表示。

结果：

学校的个人 BC 与较高的 FeNO 相关（ $percentage difference equals 7.47 percent$ 较高的 FeNO 每 $1 microgram per meter cubed$ BC (95% CI: 1.31, 13.9), $lowercase italic p equals 0.02$ ]。与学校期间的 BC 暴露相比，在上下学途中观察到 FeNO 的 PD 与 BC 暴露相关。 $percentage difference equals 6.82 percent$ (95% CI: 0.70, 13.3), $lowercase italic p equals 0.03$ ]。非学校环境中的个人 BC 和住宅 BC 与 FeNO 无关（ $lowercase italic p less than 0.05$ ）。在没有哮喘的血清反应儿童中观察到个人 BC 与 FeNO 之间存在显着相关性。 $percentage difference equals 21.5 percent$ (95% CI: 4.81, 40.9), $lowercase italic p equals 0.01$ ]。