Secondary microaggressions refer to the ways in which people of historically dominant groups negate the realities of people of marginalized groups. Gaslighting describes the act of manipulating others to doubt themselves or question their own sanity; people confronted for committing microaggressions deny the existence of their biases, often convincing the targets of microaggressions to question their own perceptions. ‘Splaining (derived from mansplaining/Whitesplaining) is an act in which a person of a dominant group speaks for or provides rationale to people of marginalized groups about topics related to oppression or inequity. Victim blaming refers to assigning fault to people who experience violence or wrongdoing and is used as a tool to discredit people of marginalized groups who speak out against microaggressions or any injustices. Finally, abandonment and neglect refer to a bystander’s failure to address or acknowledge microaggressions. Although these terms are commonly known among marginalized communities (and frequently used in popular media), there is a dearth in academic literature that substantiates these phenomena and relates them to microaggressions. The purpose of this article is to review these concepts in the psychological literature and to demonstrate the psychological harm caused by these behaviors on interpersonal and systemic levels.

二次微攻击是指历史上占主导地位的群体的人否定边缘群体的人的现实的方式。Gaslighting描述了操纵他人怀疑自己或质疑自己的理智的行为；因犯下微攻击而面临的人否认他们存在偏见，经常说服微攻击的目标质疑他们自己的看法。'splaining（源自 mansplaining/Whitesplaining）是一种行为，其中占主导地位的群体的人就与压迫或不平等有关的话题为边缘化群体的人发言或提供理由。受害者责备指将过错归咎于遭受暴力或不法行为的人，并被用作诋毁边缘化群体中公开反对微侵略或任何不公正行为的人的工具。最后，遗弃和忽视是指旁观者未能解决或承认微攻击。尽管这些术语在边缘化社区中广为人知（并且在流行媒体中经常使用），但学术文献中缺乏证实这些现象并将其与微攻击联系起来的文献。本文的目的是回顾心理学文献中的这些概念，并论证这些行为在人际和系统层面造成的心理伤害。