In this article, we review the theoretical and empirical literature on racial microaggressions from 2007 to 2020 (N = 138 articles). First, we refine racial microaggressions theory and update the definition to address mischaracterizations in the literature and clarify the term (i.e., “micro” refers to microlevel interactions rather than degree of harm). Next, we used four superordinate categories (i.e., pathologizing differences, denigrating and pigeonholing, excluding or rendering invisible, and perpetuating color-blind racial attitudes) in which to situate racial microaggression themes from the extant literature. Moreover, we consolidated and renamed existing themes to privilege targets’ perspectives (e.g., facing assumptions of inferior status and enduring exoticization). We then synthesized qualitative and quantitative research that shows harmful sequelae of racial microaggressions (i.e., psychological and physiological symptoms). Extending prior research on coping with gendered racial microaggressions, we describe empirical findings on collective, resistance, and self-protective strategies to mitigate the harmful impact of racial microaggressions. We conclude with directions for future research.

在本文中，我们回顾了 2007 年至 2020 年关于种族微攻击的理论和实证文献（N = 138 篇文章）。首先，我们改进了种族微观攻击理论并更新了定义以解决文献中的错误描述并澄清了该术语（即，“微观”是指微观层面的相互作用而不是伤害程度）。接下来，我们使用了四个上级类别（即病态化差异、诋毁和归类、排除或渲染隐形以及使色盲的种族态度永久化）来定位现有文献中的种族微攻击主题。此外，我们将现有主题合并并重命名为特权目标的观点（例如，面对地位低下的假设和持久的异国情调）。然后，我们综合了定性和定量研究，这些研究显示了种族微攻击的有害后遗症（即心理和生理症状）。扩展先前关于应对性别种族微攻击的研究，我们描述了关于集体、抵抗和自我保护策略的经验发现，以减轻种族微攻击的有害影响。我们总结了未来研究的方向。