Medicanes are mesoscale tropical-like cyclones that develop in the Mediterranean basin and represent a great hazard for the coastal population. The skill to accurately simulate them is of utmost importance to prevent economical and personal damage. Medicanes are fueled by the latent heat released in the condensation process associated with convective activity, which is regulated by the presence and activation of cloud condensation nuclei, mainly originating from sea salt aerosols (SSAs) for marine environments. Henceforth, the purpose of this contribution is twofold: assessing the effects of an interactive calculation of SSA on the strengthening and persistence of medicanes, and providing insight into the casuistry and sensitivities around their simulation processes. To this end, a set of simulations have been conducted with a chemistry–meteorology coupled model considering prescribed aerosol (PA) and interactive aerosol (IA) concentrations. The results indicate that IA produces longer-lasting and more intense medicanes. Further, the role of the initialization time and nudging strategies for medicane simulations has been explored. Overall, the results suggest that (1) the application of spectral nudging dampens the effects of IA, (2) the initialization time introduces a strong variability in the storm dynamics, and (3) wind–SSA feedback is crucial and should be considered when studying medicanes.

中文翻译：

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海盐气溶胶对地中海热带类气旋发展的影响

医学是在地中海盆地发展的中尺度热带气旋，对沿海人口构成巨大危害。准确模拟它们的技能对于防止经济和人身伤害至关重要。药物由与对流活动相关的凝结过程中释放的潜热提供燃料，该潜热受云凝结核的存在和激活调节，云凝结核主要来自海洋环境的海盐气溶胶 (SSA)。此后，此贡献的目的有两个：评估 SSA 的交互式计算对药物的强化和持久性的影响，并深入了解围绕其模拟过程的诡辩和敏感性。为此，考虑到规定的气溶胶 (PA) 和交互式气溶胶 (IA) 浓度，使用化学-气象耦合模型进行了一组模拟。结果表明 IA 产生更持久和更强烈的药物。此外，还探索了初始化时间和微调策略在医疗模拟中的作用。总体而言，结果表明：（1）频谱微调的应用抑制了 IA 的影响，（2）初始化时间引入了风暴动力学的强烈可变性，以及（3）风-SSA 反馈是至关重要的，在学医。已经探索了初始化时间和轻推策略在医学模拟中的作用。总体而言，结果表明：（1）频谱微调的应用抑制了 IA 的影响，（2）初始化时间引入了风暴动力学的强烈可变性，以及（3）风-SSA 反馈是至关重要的，在学医。已经探索了初始化时间和轻推策略在医学模拟中的作用。总体而言，结果表明：（1）频谱微调的应用抑制了 IA 的影响，（2）初始化时间引入了风暴动力学的强烈可变性，以及（3）风-SSA 反馈是至关重要的，在学医。