Nickel doped lead oxide (Pb_1-xNi_xO) nanoparticles with different concentration (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30) of nickel ion were prepared through a sol-gel route of synthesis. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic techniques confirmed the nanocrystallinity of the samples as the average sizes of the crystallites were found within 9–25 nm. The substitution of Pb^2 +with Ni^2 +caused of decrease of particle size with the increase of Ni^2 +concentration. The EDS analysis confirmed the present of nickel ion in the Ni doped PbO nanocrystallites. The FT-IR spectra of the samples recorded to look for the distinct absorbance bands highlighting the atomic vibrations. The optical band gap energies (E_g) increased when the nanocrystallites became smaller in size. There is possibility of increase in vacancy defect concentration due to Ni doping that may also be the cause of E_g enhancement. The latter aspect is attributable to the onset of quantum confinement effects as seen in the case of a few other metal oxide nanoparticles. Positron annihilation studies focused on the vacancy type defects which were present in abundance in the samples and played crucial roles in modulating their properties. The concentrations of defects were significantly larger in the samples of lower crystallite sizes. The results supported the feasibility of tailoring the properties of lead oxide nanocrystallites for technological applications apart from the physical insight into the structural build-up when crystallites were formed with finite number of atoms and their distribution governed by site stabilization energy considerations.

通过溶胶-凝胶合成途径制备了具有不同浓度 (x = 0.00、0.01、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25 和 0.30) 的镍离子的镍掺杂氧化铅 (Pb _1-x Ni _x O) 纳米粒子. X 射线衍射和透射电子显微镜技术证实了样品的纳米结晶度，因为微晶的平均尺寸在 9-25 nm 内。铅的取代^{2 +}用Ni ^{2 +}引起粒径的减小，同时Ni的增加^{2 +}专注。EDS 分析证实了 Ni 掺杂的 PbO 纳米微晶中存在镍离子。记录样品的 FT-IR 光谱以寻找突出原子振动的不同吸收带。当纳米微晶尺寸变小时，光学带隙能量（E _g）增加。由于 Ni 掺杂，空位缺陷浓度有可能增加，这也可能是E _g的原因增强。后一方面归因于量子限制效应的开始，如在少数其他金属氧化物纳米粒子的情况下所见。正电子湮灭研究集中在样品中大量存在的空位型缺陷上，并在调节其性质中起关键作用。在晶粒尺寸较小的样品中，缺陷的浓度明显更大。结果支持了为技术应用定制氧化铅纳米微晶特性的可行性，除了对结构积聚的物理洞察力之外，当微晶由有限数量的原子形成时，它们的分布受位点稳定能量的考虑。