Background

Neurological conditions are highly prevalent and disabling, in particular in the elderly. The Italian population has witnessed sharp ageing and we can thus expect a rising trend in the incidence, prevalence and disability of these conditions.

Methods

We relied on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study to extract Italian data on incidence, prevalence and years lived with a disability (YLDs) referred to a broad set of neurological disorders including, brain and nervous system cancers, stroke, encephalitis, meningitis, tetanus, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. We assessed changes between 1990 and 2019 in counts and age-standardized rates.

Results

The most prevalent conditions were tension-type headache, migraine, and dementias, whereas the most disabling were migraine, dementias and traumatic brain injury. YLDs associated with neurological conditions increased by 22.5%, but decreased by 2.3% in age-standardized rates. The overall increase in prevalence and YLDs counts was stronger for non-communicable diseases with onset in old age compared to young to adult-age onset ones. The same trends were in the opposite direction when age-standardized rates were taken into account.

Conclusions

The increase in YLDs associated with neurological conditions is mostly due to population ageing and growth: nevertheless, lived disability and, as a consequence, impact on health systems has increased. Actions are needed to improve outcome and mitigate disability associated with neurological conditions, spanning among diagnosis, treatment, care pathways and workplace interventions.

中文翻译：

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1990 年至 2019 年间意大利与神经系统疾病相关的发病率、患病率和残疾情况：基于 2019 年全球疾病负担研究的分析

背景

神经系统疾病非常普遍且致残，尤其是在老年人中。意大利人口已经经历了急剧老龄化，因此我们可以预期这些疾病的发病率、患病率和残疾率呈上升趋势。

方法

我们依靠 2019 年全球疾病负担研究来提取意大利关于发病率、患病率和残疾生活年数 (YLD) 的数据，这些疾病指的是一系列广泛的神经系统疾病，包括脑和神经系统癌症、中风、脑炎、脑膜炎、破伤风、创伤性脑损伤和脊髓损伤。我们评估了 1990 年至 2019 年间人口和年龄标准化比率的变化。

结果

最普遍的情况是紧张型头痛、偏头痛和痴呆，而最致残的是偏头痛、痴呆和创伤性脑损伤。与神经系统疾病相关的 YLDs 增加了 22.5%，但年龄标准化率下降了 2.3%。与年轻到成年发病的非传染性疾病相比，老年发病的非传染性疾病的患病率和 YLD 计数的总体增长更强。当考虑年龄标准化比率时，相同的趋势是相反的。

结论

与神经系统疾病相关的 YLD 增加主要是由于人口老龄化和增长：然而，生活残疾以及因此对卫生系统的影响增加了。需要采取行动来改善结果并减轻与神经系统疾病相关的残疾，包括诊断、治疗、护理途径和工作场所干预。