Arctic Ocean surface circulation plays an important role in the global ocean circulation system. In recent years, its position and velocity have been changing constantly, attracting increasing attention. The cause of this change, however, is still a matter of disagreement. In this paper, we use empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF) to analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of sea level pressure (SLP), sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Arctic Ocean. We use the wavelet transform to obtain the periodic variation law governing Arctic Ocean surface circulation as well as to explore the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Arctic Ocean surface circulation. Our results show that the SSH of the Arctic Ocean exhibit a periodic variation with AO, in particular the sudden change seen from 1987 to 1992 coinciding with the trend of the AO index for the same period. When the AO index is positive, the Beaufort Gyre (BG) weakens and the source of transpolar drift (TPD) moves eastward, to the East Siberian Sea; when the AO index is negative, the BG accelerates and expands and the source of TPD moves to the New Siberian Islands. As a result, the direction and amplitude of the circulation change.

北冰洋表面环流在全球海洋环流系统中发挥着重要作用。近年来，它的位置和速度不断变化，引起越来越多的关注。然而，这种变化的原因仍然是一个分歧的问题。在本文中，我们使用经验正交函数分析（EOF）来分析北冰洋海平面压力（SLP）、海面高度（SSH）和海面温度（SST）的时空分布。我们利用小波变换获得了控制北冰洋表面环流的周期变化规律，并探讨了北极涛动（AO）与北冰洋表面环流之间的关系。我们的结果表明，北冰洋的 SSH 表现出随 AO 的周期性变化，尤其是 1987 年至 1992 年的突然变化与同期 AO 指数的趋势一致。当AO指数为正时，波弗特环流（BG）减弱，跨极漂移（TPD）源向东移动至东西伯利亚海；当AO指数为负时，BG加速扩张，TPD源向新西伯利亚群岛转移。结果，环流的方向和幅度发生了变化。