ABSTRACT

Objective

We sought to identify and correlate the severity of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) associated with olfactory dysfunction with cognitive and behavioral profiles.

Participants and Setting

Patients with TBI undergoing treatment in a specialized neuro-rehabilitation hospital.

Design

Prospective study.

Main Measures

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at the time of injury and during posttraumatic amnesia. Motor functions were assessed with the Functional Instrument Measure and Disability Rating Scales. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence test was used for neuropsychologic assessment and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to assess behavioral changes. The Barcelona Smell Test-24 was used to study subjective smell loss.

Results

A total of 111 patients with TBI were enrolled (33 females; mean age 32.86 years); 38.73% exhibited smell loss. Patients with no olfactory impairment (OI) had worse TBIs than those with OI (GCS scores 5.65 and 7.74, respectively); no significant differences in cognitive behaviors, such as attention memory, visuoperception, and visuoconstruction, were observed. However, patients with TBI and olfactory dysfunction showed statistically significant alterations in neuropsychiatric behavioral performances such as feeding when compared with patients with TBI without smell loss.

Conclusion

Olfactory dysfunction in patients with a TBI correlates with altered neuropsychiatric behavioral performances such as feeding, sleeping, and motor behavior.

中文翻译：

---

脑外伤患者的嗅觉丧失与神经精神行为改变有关

摘要

客观的

我们试图确定与嗅觉功能障碍相关的创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 的严重程度，并将其与认知和行为特征相关联。

参与者和设置

在专门的神经康复医院接受治疗的 TBI 患者。

设计

前瞻性研究。

主要措施

受伤时和创伤后失忆期间的格拉斯哥昏迷量表 (GCS)。使用功能仪器测量和残疾评定量表评估运动功能。Wechsler 成人智力测试用于神经心理学评估，神经精神病学量表用于评估行为变化。Barcelona Smell Test-24 用于研究主观嗅觉丧失。

结果

总共招募了 111 名 TBI 患者（33 名女性；平均年龄 32.86 岁）；38.73% 表现出气味损失。没有嗅觉障碍 (OI) 的患者的 TBI 比有嗅觉障碍的患者更差（GCS 评分分别为 5.65 和 7.74）；没有观察到认知行为的显着差异，例如注意力记忆、视觉感知和视觉构建。然而，与没有嗅觉丧失的 TBI 患者相比，患有 TBI 和嗅觉功能障碍的患者在神经精神行为表现（例如进食）方面表现出统计学上的显着变化。

结论

TBI 患者的嗅觉功能障碍与神经精神行为表现的改变有关，例如进食、睡眠和运动行为。