Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a well-known antioxidant found as a dietary anthocyanin in different fruits and vegetables. It has protective and therapeutic effects on various diseases. It can reduce neuronal death from amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced toxicity and promote the inhibition of Aβ fibrillization. Antioxidant and immune modulation might play a critical role in the properties of C3G against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other diseases. However, limited studies have been performed on the mechanism involved in the effect of C3G through transcriptome analysis. Thus, the objective of this study was to perform comparative transcriptome analysis of the spleen to determine gene expression profiles of wild-type mice (C57BL/6J Jms), an Alzheimer’s mouse model (APPswe/PS1dE9 mice), and a C3G-treated Alzheimer’s mouse model. Differentially expressed antioxidant, immune-related, and AD pathways genes were identified in the treated group. The validation of gene expression data via RT-PCR studies further supported the current findings. Six important antioxidant genes (S100a8, S100a9, Prdx2, Hp, Mpst, and Prxl2a) and a high number of immune-related genes were found to be upregulated in the treatment groups, suggesting the possible antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms of C3G, respectively. Further studies are strongly recommended to elucidate the precise role of these essential genes and optimize the therapeutic function of C3G in AD and other disease conditions.

中文翻译：

---

抗氧化和免疫基因在花青素 3-O-葡萄糖苷处理的阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型脾脏中表达的比较转录组分析

花青素 3-O-葡萄糖苷 (C3G) 是一种众所周知的抗氧化剂，在不同的水果和蔬菜中作为膳食花青素被发现。对多种疾病具有保护和治疗作用。它可以减少由淀粉样蛋白 β (Aβ) 诱导的毒性引起的神经元死亡，并促进对 Aβ 纤维化的抑制。抗氧化和免疫调节可能在 C3G 对抗阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和其他疾病的特性中发挥关键作用。然而，通过转录组分析对 C3G 影响的机制进行了有限的研究。因此，本研究的目的是对脾脏进行比较转录组分析，以确定野生型小鼠（C57BL/6J Jms）、阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型（APPswe/PS1dE9 小鼠）和 C3G 治疗的阿尔茨海默病小鼠的基因表达谱。老鼠模型。在治疗组中鉴定出差异表达的抗氧化、免疫相关和 AD 通路基因。通过 RT-PCR 研究验证基因表达数据进一步支持了当前的发现。发现六个重要的抗氧化基因（S100a8、S100a9、Prdx2、Hp、Mpst 和 Prxl2a）和大量免疫相关基因在治疗组中上调，分别表明 C3G 可能的抗氧化和免疫调节机制。强烈建议进一步研究阐明这些必需基因的确切作用，并优化 C3G 在 AD 和其他疾病状况中的治疗功能。发现六个重要的抗氧化基因（S100a8、S100a9、Prdx2、Hp、Mpst 和 Prxl2a）和大量免疫相关基因在治疗组中上调，分别表明 C3G 可能的抗氧化和免疫调节机制。强烈建议进一步研究阐明这些必需基因的确切作用，并优化 C3G 在 AD 和其他疾病状况中的治疗功能。发现六个重要的抗氧化基因（S100a8、S100a9、Prdx2、Hp、Mpst 和 Prxl2a）和大量免疫相关基因在治疗组中上调，分别表明 C3G 可能的抗氧化和免疫调节机制。强烈建议进一步研究阐明这些必需基因的确切作用，并优化 C3G 在 AD 和其他疾病状况中的治疗功能。