Introduction: This study explored the relationship between person–job fit and safety behavior, as well as the mediating role played by psychological safety, from the perspective of social cognitive theory and person–environment fit theory. Method: A total of 800 employees from petroleum enterprises were recruited, with cluster random sampling used to collect data in two stages. Results: The results showed that employees’ safety behavior is higher under the condition of “high person–job fit—high person–organization fit” than under that of “low person–job fit—low person–organization fit.” In other words, the more congruent the level of person–job fit and person–organization fit for a given employee, the higher their level of safety behavior. Practical Applications: Psychological safety plays a mediating role between the congruence of both person–job fit and person–organization fit and employees’ safety behavior.

引言：本研究从社会认知理论和人与环境契合理论的角度探讨人与工作契合与安全行为的关系，以及心理安全的中介作用。方法：共招募石油企业员工800人，采用整群随机抽样分两个阶段进行数据采集。结果：结果表明，“人-工作契合度高-人-组织契合度高”条件下员工的安全行为高于“人-工作契合度低-人-组织契合度低”条件下的员工安全行为。换句话说，一个特定员工的人与工作契合度和人与组织契合度越一致，他们的安全行为水平就越高。实际应用：心理安全在人与工作契合度和人与组织契合度的一致性与员工安全行为之间起中介作用。